Estonia     [159]
(Independent in 1991 from U.S.S.R.)
ISO COUNTRY CODE: SU
LAND AREA: 42270 sq. km
NUMBER OF ISLANDS BY SIZE (sq. km):

>17,000	>10,000	>1,000	>100	>10	>1	<1	Unknown	TOTAL
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	4

DEMOGRAPHY
  POPULATION: 1470000 (1996)
  DENSITY: 35 persons/sq. km    GROWTH RATE: 1%/year
  POP AGR/FISH/MINING: 14%
  URBAN POP: 73% (1994), versus 58% (1960), Annual Growth: 1.5%
  LIFE EXPECTANCY: 69.2 years,  ADULT LITERACY: 99.0%
  INFANT MORTALITY: 10 per/1000 (1996)
  HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: 0.776

ECONOMY
  GNP: US$4.0 billion
  GNP/Capita: $2820
  GDP/Capita: $2454  GDP/Capita PPP: $4294
  GDP/Capita: 1960 $1498, 1970 $2580, 1980 $3936, 1990 $3719

ENVIRONMENT (see also individual islands)
  TOTAL FOREST AREA: 2011,000 ha, 47.6% of land area, 1.3 ha/capita
  ANNUAL CHANGE IN FOREST COVER: 1.0%
  ARABLE LAND: 25.0% of land area
NATURE CONSERVATION INTEREST:

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
  ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: 7060 kw-hr/capita
  INTERNAL RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES: 11.5,000 cu.m/cap/year

INSTITUTIONS
GOVERNMENT ENVIRONMENT/SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY: