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ISLAND DIRECTORY
Islands of Kiribati
Abaiang [1507]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.72º N Long : 173.00º E
Area: 28.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 28.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 10 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 87
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 6 large islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
Teirio islet
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Abemama [1509]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 0.33º N Long : 173.83º E
Area: 23.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 23.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 20 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 90
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with more than 6 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 1 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Aranuka [1510]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 0.17º N Long : 173.58º E
Area: 15.5 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 15.5 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 5 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 88
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 2 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 07/12/88
Arorae [1503]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati: Pacific
Lat: 2.65º SLong: 176.90º E Region: Oceania 11
Area: 26.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island
Banaba (Ocean) [1499]
Group:
Country: Kiribati - Banaba Island Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 0.87º S Long : 169.58º E
Area: 6.5 sq. km Altitude: 81 m
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 300 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 2800 km Isolation Index: 90
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 5
CLIMATE: tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Scrub; fringing reef
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited, now abandoned
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former phosphate mining
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 6 Moderate
Last updated: 07/12/88
Beru [1514]
Group: Kingsmill Group Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.25º S Long : 176.00º E
Area: 21.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 21.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 35 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 85
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 1 main islet Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 07/12/88
Birnie [1518]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 3.67º S Long : 171.83º W
Area: 0.2 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 0.2 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 60 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 101
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 2
Low atoll herbs; fringing reef
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
3 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
least disturbed of the Phoenix islands
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, never inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.2 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Butaritari (Makin) [1505]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 3.17º N Long : 172.75º E
Area: 11.7 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 11.7 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 120 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 90
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 10 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Pisonia atoll forest on two islets; coconuts; windward and leeward atoll
reef
and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookeries
Kotabu and Nabini islets with forest and seabirds
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, W.W. II remnants
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations, subsistence agriculture, fishing
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 1 Low
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Caroline [1854]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 10.00º S Long : 150.25º W
Area: 3.8 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 3.8 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 230 km group: 830 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 115
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 38 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 1
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Atoll 9.2 by 1.6 km with 38 islets around long shallow lagoon 5-7 m
deep, many
coral heads and patches, some in continuous East-West lines, clear
water; no
large passes
CLIMATE: tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 5 Marine: 4
Atoll forest with Pisonia, mixed dense forest of Pisonia and Cordia,
dense
Messerschmidia argentea scrub, open Messerschmidia scrub, open coastal
rubble;
windward and leeward atoll reefs, lagoon with many Tridacna, patch reefs
Percent of land: Forested: 99% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
15 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
3 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
15 native species
20 introduced
Reptiles/amphibians:
3 lizards
Birds:
important seabird rookery, with 10 breeding species
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, green turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 1
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, formerly settled, now only caretaker
Population: 4 (1988) Density: 1.1 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.0%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations, former phosphate mining
HUMAN IMPACTS:
19th century phosphate mining, settled 1846 to 1930's; coconut
plantations;
water cistern on South Islet; inhabited by caretaker and family in 1988
DATA RELIABILITY: good recent Data Rel. Indicator: 3
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 14 High
CI-Marine: 4 Low
REFERENCES:
Teebaki, Katino. 1988. Report of visit to Caroline Atoll, Southern Line
Islands. Unpublished report of Wildlife Unit, Kiritimati, November
1988
Last updated: 07/09/90
Enderbury [1517]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 3.42º S Long : 171.50º W
Area: 5.1 sq. km Altitude: 7 m
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 65 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 102
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 1
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Mostly atoll scrub and grasses with small groves of trees; fringing reef
50-
200 m wide
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
18 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
most important green turtle nesting area in Phoenix group
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, abandoned in 1979
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former military base, former phosphate mining
Conservation support: tenure
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Flint [1855]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 11.42º S Long : 151.80º W
Area: 3.2 sq. km Altitude: 7 m
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 170 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 124
ISLAND TYPE: elongate low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 1
CLIMATE: tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Little native vegetation
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 98% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
14 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
small seabird rookery, green turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 1
feral dogs (1975)
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly settled, visited occasionally
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: large coconut plantations, former phosphate mining
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 01/05/89
Kanton (Canton, Abariringa) [1516]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 2.83º S Long : 171.67º W
Area: 9.1 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 9.1 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 65 km group: 900 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 105
ISLAND TYPE: atoll Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 3
Some atoll forest with Cordia and Tournefortia, mostly atoll scrub and
grasses; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon with patch reefs
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
18 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats and dogs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, caretakers only
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former military base
Accessibility: airport
Conservation support: tenure
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Kiritimati (Christmas) [1850]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 2.00º N Long : 157.50º W
Area: 321.0 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 321.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 300 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 129
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with one large island Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Atoll with one large island, some dunes reaching 13 m; almost landlocked
lagoon divided into areas of various salinities, many supersaline
CLIMATE: dry tropical
WATER BALANCE: intermittent drought
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought, "El Nino" effects on seabird food supplies
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 4 Marine: 4
3 patches of Pisonia atoll forest, mostly scrub savanna and scrub,
grasslands,
some areas bare; lagoon, saline ponds, windward and leeward atoll reefs
(CRD)
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 98% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
41 |
1 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
3 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
18-41 native plants, 1 endemic
50 introduced species
Cuscuta campestris, endemic
Reptiles/amphibians:
3 lizards
Birds:
very important seabird rookery, with 33 species, 18 breeding, 12
populations
of international importance
Acrocephalus aequinoctialis (Christmas Island Reed Warbler) group
endemic,
common (1,000)
Pterodroma alba (Phoenix Petrel) 24,000, largest colony
Puffinus nativitatus (Christmas Shearwater) 12,000
Puffinus pacificus (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 1 million
Sterna fuscata (Sooty Tern) 8 million, largest colony
SPECIES RICHNESS:
poor
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
one endemic plant
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery, some green turtle nesting
world's largest atoll in land area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 3
feral cats threaten seabirds
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, settled in 1882
Population: 1265 (1978) Density: 3.9 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 2.1%/yr Increasing
Major Human Activities: coconuts, tourism
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Population doubled from 1973 to 1978, settled since 1882 by immigrant
workers;
coconut plantations 51.7 sq. km; major nuclear weapons test site
1956-1962;
military installations 1942-1967, now abandoned; projects for brine
shrimp and
salt production in lagoon; some tourism.
Habitat: small settlements Urban Pop: 0 Urban Indicator: 0
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 50% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 446 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
Conservation support: government support, legislation, wildlife unit
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 5 Area: Terrestrial: 0.7 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
Wildlife Sanctuary status with specific closed areas (strict nature
reserves):
Cook Islet 22 ha
Motu Tabu 4 ha
Ngaon te Taake 26 ha
Northwest Point
Motu Upua 19 ha
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 5
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
Kuria [1501]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati: Pacific
Lat: 0.26º NLong: 173.37º E Region: Oceania 11
Area: 12.7 sq. km Altitude: ? m
ISLAND TYPE: two low coral islands
Maiana [1508]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.00º N Long : 173.00º E
Area: 27.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 27.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 35 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 92
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 1 main islet Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 07/12/88
Makin Meang (Little Makin) [1500]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 3.23º N Long : 172.95º E
Area: 5.4 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 5.4 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 3 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 82
ISLAND TYPE: low coral Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Dense vegetation; fringing reef
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
turtle nesting area
nearby Katangateman sandbank turtle nesting area
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Malden [1851]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 4.00º S Long : 155.00º W
Area: 39.3 sq. km Altitude: 8 m
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 200 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 126
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 3
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Low coral island with enclosed saline lagoon with numerous small coral
islets
and underground connections to the sea
CLIMATE: dry tropical
WATER BALANCE: intermittent drought
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Atoll scrub and grasses including Heliotropium anomalum; saline lagoon,
fringing reefs
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 98% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
9 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
9 native plants
7 introduced species
Reptiles/amphibians:
2 lizards
Birds:
important seabird rookery, with 19 species, 11-12 breeding
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 1
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery, small green turtle nesting area
archaeological remains of early Polynesian settlement
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
few feral cats
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, inhabited 1849-1979
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former phosphate mining, former military base
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Phosphate mined 1849-1927, low grade mineral remains; gypsum deposits;
military airstrip and observation post 1958-1979; now uninhabited.
Accessibility: airport
Conservation support: government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 39.3 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
Wildlife Sanctuary and closed area (strict nature reserve)
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
Manra (Sydney) [1520]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 4.50º S Long : 171.50º W
Area: 4.4 sq. km Altitude: 6 m
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 85 km group: 500 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 99
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 1
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Atoll forest and scrub of 14 species; fringing reef 50 m wide
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
14 |
0 |
1 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats, dogs, pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantation, former phosphate mining
Conservation support: tenure, legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Marakei [1506]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 2.00º N Long : 173.42º E
Area: 10.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 10.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 30 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 89
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 2 large islets Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 3
Coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
McKean [1522]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 3.67º S Long : 174.17º W
Area: 0.6 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 0.6 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 125 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 103
ISLAND TYPE: low coral Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Atoll scrub of 7 species; fringing reefs 100-200 m wide
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
7 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former phosphate mining
Conservation support: tenure, legislation, government support
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.6 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Nikumaroro (Gardner) [1523]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 4.75º S Long : 174.76º W
Area: 4.1 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 4.1 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 125 km group: 500 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 101
ISLAND TYPE: atoll Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Atoll forest and scrub; windward and leeward atoll reefs 100-300 m wide,
lagoon with numerous coral heads and patch reefs
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
17 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
5 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
small seabird rookery turtle nesting area
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations
Conservation support: tenure, legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Nikunau [1504]
Group: Kingsmill Group, Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati: Pacific
Lat: 1.33º SLong: 176.42º E Region: Oceania 11
Area: 18.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
ISLAND TYPE: low coral, small closed lagoon
Nonouti [1511]
Group: Kingsmill Group Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 0.73º S Long : 174.47º E
Area: 25.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 25.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 40 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 90
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with more than 8 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Pisonia atoll forest on one islet; coconuts; windward and leeward atoll
reef
and lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
Numatong islet with forest, sandbank
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations, subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 3 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Onotoa [1512]
Group: Kingsmill Group Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.92º S Long : 175.57º E
Area: 13.5 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 13.5 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Submerged area <100 m: 0 sq. km Reef area: 0 sq. km Lagoon area: 54 sq. km
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 40 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 85
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 3 large islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: dry tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Atoll scrub; coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and lagoon (CRD)
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
60 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 2
poor
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
studied by 1951 expedition
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, heavily populated
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations, subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 1 Low
CI-Marine: 7 Moderate
Last updated: 07/12/88
Orona (Hull) [1521]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 4.58º S Long : 172.33º W
Area: 3.9 sq. km Altitude: 9 m
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 110 km group: 500 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 100
ISLAND TYPE: atoll Natural Protection Indicator: 1
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Atoll forest and scrub of 19 species; windward and leeward atoll reefs
80-240
m wide, lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
19 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
4 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats, dogs, pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantation
Conservation support: tenure, legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Rawaki (Phoenix) [1519]
Group: Archipelago: Phoenix Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 3.72º S Long : 171.42º W
Area: 0.5 sq. km Altitude: 6 m
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 75 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 100
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 1
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 2
Atoll scrub of 6 species; fringing reef 30-100 m wide
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
6 |
0 |
1 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery, turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral rabbits
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, phosphate mined 1859-1871
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.5 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Starbuck [1852]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 5.62º S Long : 155.92º W
Area: 16.2 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 16.2 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 200 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 126
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 4
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Low coral island with several internal saline lagoons at times drying up
completely
CLIMATE: dry tropical
WATER BALANCE: intermittent drought
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 2
Impoverished atoll scrub; salt ponds, fringing reefs
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 98% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
7 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
7 species
Birds:
important seabird rookery, with 15 species, 3-11 breeding including
Sterna fuscata (Sooty Tern) 1.5-3 million pairs
SPECIES RICHNESS:
very few
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery, green turtle nesting area
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, inhabited 1870-1920
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former phosphate mining
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Phosphate mined 1870-1893; uninhabited since 1920
Conservation support: government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 16.2 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
Wildlife Sanctuary and closed area (strict nature reserve)
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 6 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
Tabiteuea [1515]
Group: Kingsmill Group Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.42º S Long : 174.83º E
Area: 49.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 49.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 40 km group: 500 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 88
ISLAND TYPE: 2 large low islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Secondary vegetation; coconuts; windward and leeward atoll reef and
lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
Namauri islet
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: coconut plantations, subsistence agriculture
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Tabuaeran (Fanning) [1849]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 3.87º N Long : 159.37º W
Area: 33.7 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 33.7 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 100 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 121
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 3 principal islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Atoll with 3 principal islets almost encircling closed lagoon
CLIMATE: wet tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Pisonia and Messerschmidia atoll forest, atoll scrub; narrow fringing
reef,
closed lagoon
Percent of land: Forested: 99% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
22 |
2 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
5 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
22 native plants, 2 endemic
80 introduced species
Reptiles/amphibians:
5 lizards
Marine life:
70 species of hard corals
Birds:
formerly 27 seabirds, with 12 breeding, now 6 breeding in trees
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 3
few
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
two endemic plants
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats and pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, settled since 1848
Population: 434 (1978) Density: 12.9 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 2.1%/yr Increasing
Major Human Activities: coconuts, subsistence agriculture,, subsistence fishing
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Nineteenth century phosphate mining; old cable station; half planted to
coconuts
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 99% Human Threat Indicator: 3
Gross Domestic Product: $ 446 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 6
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 16 High
CI-Marine: 7 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
Tamana [1502]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati: Pacific
Lat: 2.50º SLong: 176.00º E Region: Oceania 11
Area: 5.2 sq. km Altitude: ? m
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island
Tarawa [1513]
Group: Archipelago: Gilbert Islands
Country: Kiribati Region: Oceania 11
Lat: 1.50º N Long : 173.00º E
Area: 20.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Land < 5 m elevation: 20.0 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 10 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3500 km Isolation Index: 87
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with more than 15 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: drought
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 3
Atoll scrub; coconuts; mangroves; windward and leeward atoll reef and
lagoon,
sunken reef
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, urban centre and capital
Population: 20000 (1985) Density: 1000 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 2.2%/yr Increasing
Major Human Activities: government, coconuts, subsistence agriculture
Accessibility: port, airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 12% Human Threat Indicator: 0
Gross Domestic Product: $ 442 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 40
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 07/12/88
Teraina (Washington) [1848]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 5.00º N Long : 161.00º W
Area: 7.4 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 7.4 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 4000 m
Nearest island: 100 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 121
ISLAND TYPE: low coral with central lake Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
CLIMATE: wet tropical
WATER BALANCE: abundant rainfall, surface and groundwater
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 4 Marine: 1
Pisonia atoll forest with epiphytes and fern undergrowth, atoll scrub;
bogs,
lake; fringing reef
Percent of land: Forested: 99% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
35 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
35 flowering plants
Birds:
Acrocephalus aequinoctialis (Christmas Island Reed Warbler) group
endemic,
common
Vini kuhli (Kuhl's Lory or Scarlet-breasted Lorikeet) introduced
(endemic to
Rimatara), several hundred
SPECIES RICHNESS:
poor
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 1
one group endemic bird
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, small green turtle nesting area
unique bogs
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 2
feral cats and pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, settled since 1860's
Population: 416 (1978) Density: 56.2 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 2.1%/yr Increasing
Major Human Activities: coconuts, subsistence agriculture,, subsistence fishing
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Coconut plantations; canals cut through bogs
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 99% Human Threat Indicator: 3
Gross Domestic Product: $ 446 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 0
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 7
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 15 High
CI-Marine: 1 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
Vostok [1853]
Group: Archipelago: Line Islands
Country: Kiribati - Line Islands Region: Oceania 15
Lat: 10. 8º S Long : 152.38º W
Area: 0.2 sq. km Altitude: 5 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 0.2 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 5000 m
Nearest island: 200 km group: 1600 km
Nearest continent: North America Distance: 5100 km Isolation Index: 126
ISLAND TYPE: low coral island Natural Protection Indicator: 5
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Low coral island with peat soil up to 1 m thick over phosphatic hardpan
CLIMATE: tropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 2
Pure Pisonia grandis forest reaching 30 m height on 10-15 ha, Boerhavia
repens
only other plant reported; one skink, coconut crabs and Polynesian rats;
fringing and sunken reefs.
Percent of land: Forested: 50% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 98% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
1 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
2 species
Reptiles/amphibians:
1 skink
Birds:
small seabird rookery, with 8 breeding species in trees
Mammals:
Polynesian rat
SPECIES RICHNESS:
only 2 plants
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
small seabird rookery,
valuable for its species-poor system and unaltered state
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, never inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Little human impact; peat once set afire by visitors (1974); least
disturbed
of the Line Islands
Conservation support: government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.2 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
Wildlife Sanctuary
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 12 Moderate
CI-Marine: 6 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/05/89
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