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ISLAND DIRECTORY
Islands of Pitcairn (United Kingdom)
Ducie (Anegada,Encarnacion,Lucie,Luna-Puesta) [1243]
Group: Pitcairn
Country: United Kingdom - Pitcairn - Ducie Island Region: Oceania 20
Lat: 24.67º S Long : 124.80º W
Area: 0.7 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Land < 5 m elevation: 0.7 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 360 km group: 1000 km
Nearest continent: South America Distance: 4300 km Isolation Index: 116
ISLAND TYPE: atoll Natural Protection Indicator: 5
CLIMATE: subtropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 3
Atoll forest of Tournefortia argentea; two other plant species reported
in
1971 but not in 1987; windward and leeward atoll reefs with extensive
algae
and coralline algae in shallows, coral on deeper reefs reported mostly
dead in
1971 but over 50% living coral cover at 15 m in 1987, lagoon with poor
circulation but fair coral cover on pinnacles
Percent of land: Forested: 70% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 1
1 plant species
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
easternmost atoll in Indo-Pacific, little disturbed
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
Rattus exulans (Polynesian Rat) reported
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, seldom visited, largely undisturbed
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: tenure
DATA RELIABILITY: good recent Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 14 High
CI-Marine: 9 Moderate
Last updated: 07/05/89
Henderson (Elizabeth,San Juan Batista,San Valerio) [1241]
Group: Pitcairn
Country: United Kingdom - Pitcairn - Henderson Is Region: Oceania 20
Lat: 24.42º S Long : 128.32º W
Area: 37.3 sq. km Altitude: 33 m
Shoreline: 35.7 km (scale 1:60000) Coastal Index: 0.9571
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 200 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: South America Distance: 4500 km Isolation Index: 106
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 5
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Raised coral platform with slight depression in centre, 15 m coastal
cliffs,
generally undercut, karstic surface with steep-sided pits and jagged
limestone
pinnacles around margin, reef rubble in centre; 3 beaches to north,
north-west
and north-east
CLIMATE: moderate subtropical 1500 mm
WATER BALANCE: no surface water
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
11 vegetation communities, 2 littoral, 4 rocky coast, 5 limestone
plateau;
strand vegetation and beachridge/backbarrier on sand, limestone
platform,
"Miro" woodland, limestone cliff face, and fern slopes in rocky littoral
areas, cliff top/margin, pinnacled limestone, Timonius scrib, limestone
glade
woodland and raised patch reef communmity; dense limestone scrub and
scrub-
forest with Pandanus tectorius (5-10 m tall), centre more sparsely
vegetated,
high endemism (9 species); beaches, fringing reef 200 m wide to north
and
northwest (CRD)
Percent of land: Forested: 99% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 63% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
63 |
9 |
2 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
1 |
0 |
| Land snails |
16 |
4 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
4 |
4 |
0 |
| Mammals |
1 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
9 ferns and 54 native higher plants, including 10 endemics:
Heliotropium anomalum var. candidum (Boraginaceae) endemic
Bidens hendersonensis var. hendersonensis and var. subspathulata
(Compositae) endemic, Rare (RDB) primitive tree composite
Geniostoma hendersonense (Loganiaceae) endemic
Myrsine hosakae (Myrsinaceae) endemic
Pandanus sp. nov. (Pandanaceae) endemic
Peperomis hendersonensis (Piperaceae) endemic
Santalum hendersonense (Santalaceae) endemic
Nesoluma st.-johnianum (Sapotaceae) endemic
Celtis paniculata var. viridis (Ulmaceae) endemic
Insects
Hippotion sp. (Hawk Moth) endemic
Devagama fasciata (Homoptera) endemic
Devagama insularis (Homoptera) endemic
Devagama maculatus (Homoptera) endemic
Atylana parmula thalna (Homoptera) endemic
Ugyops sp. (Homoptera) endemic
Catacanthus taiti (Hemiptera) endemic
Coleotichus sp. (Hemiptera) endemic
Lallemandrana insignis insignis (Hemiptera) endemic
Rhyncogonas hendersoni (Coleoptera) endemic
Microcryptorhynchus orientissimus (Coleoptera) endemic
Dacus setinervis (Diptera) endemic
Other invertebrates:
16 land snails, including 3 endemic species and 1 subspecies:
Diastole glaucina (Helicarionidae) endemic
Tubuaia hendersoni (Achatinellidae) endemic
Tornatellides oblongus parvulus (Achatinellidae) endemic subspecies
Minidonta hendersoni (Endodontidae) endemic
4 other species may prove to be endemic
Marine life:
32 coral species in 17 genera (54 corals in Pitcairn Group)
71 molluscs (198 in group), with some endemism:
Engina fuscolineata, endemic
Tritonidea difficilis, endemic
Tritonidea rosacea, endemic
Calliostoma roseopictum
32 echinoderms (58 in group)
Birds:
15 seabirds
4 land birds, all endemic:
Nesophylax (Porzana) ater (Henderson Rail, Chicken Bird) endemic, good
population but vulnerable.
Ptilinopus insularis (Henderson Fruit Dove) endemic
Vini stepheni (Henderson Lorikeet) endemic
Acrocephalus vaughani taiti (Henderson Warbler) endemic subspecies
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
limited
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 2 Group: 1
moderate
Marine endemic species: 3
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 2 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
seabird rookery green turtle nesting area
world's least disturbed raised coral island
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
few introductions (Polynesian rat, coconut, etc.)
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, visited occasionally
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Pitcairn islanders visit occasionally to cut wood for carving
(Thespesia and Santalum), a few coconuts and citrus planted
at landing place, otherwise undisturbed
Habitat: none Urban Pop: 0 Urban Indicator: 0
Conservation support: tenure, government support
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 7 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 37.3 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
World Heritage site (1988)
DATA RELIABILITY: partial recent Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 35 Outstanding
CI-Marine: 12 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Henderson Island issue, Atoll Research Bulletin, No. 321-329. October
1989.
Last updated: 07/05/89
Oeno (Ono) [1239]
Group: Pitcairn
Country: United Kingdom - Pitcairn - Oeno Island Region: Oceania 20
Lat: 24.00º S Long : 130.67º W
Area: 0.7 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Shoreline: 4.6 km (scale 1:60000) Coastal Index: 6.5714
Land < 5 m elevation: 0.7 sq. km Sea level rise risk: 9
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 130 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: South America Distance: 4700 km Isolation Index: 100
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with 5 islets Natural Protection Indicator: 2
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
CLIMATE: subtropical
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Atoll forest and scrub with Pandanus and coconuts; windward and leeward
atoll
reefs and productive lagoon
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
17 |
2 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
2 ferns and 15 angiosperms, including 2 endemics
Bidens hendersonensis var. oenoensis, endemic variety
Birds:
13 species, including 12 breeding seabirds
SPECIES RICHNESS:
few
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
2 plants
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, visited occasionally
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: fishing
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Largely undisturbed, some coconuts
Habitat: none Urban Pop: 0 Urban Indicator: 0
Conservation support: tenure
DATA RELIABILITY: partial Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 07/05/89
Pitcairn [1240]
Group: Pitcairn
Country: United Kingdom - Pitcairn - Pitcairn Is. Region: Oceania 20
Lat: 25. 5º S Long : 130.13º W
Area: 4.2 sq. km Altitude: 347 m
Shoreline: 12.1 km (scale 1:60000) Coastal Index: 2.8810
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 220 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: South America Distance: 4600 km Isolation Index: 103
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 1
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
High rugged volcanic island with good soil but only 8% relatively flat,
coastal cliffs, active volcano
CLIMATE: subtropical means 19-24øC, 1820 mm
WATER BALANCE: rainfall evenly distributed through year
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 4 Marine: 1
Lowland and probably montane rain forest but only remnant remaining at
western
tip of island, scrub, grasslands; rocky coast Forest
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
2 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
1 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
20 ferns, including 2 endemics
Birds:
6 species including 2 remaining breeding seabirds
Acrocephalus vaughani vaughani (Pitcairn Warbler) endemic subspecies
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 2
2 ferns, 1 bird
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 3
feral goats; invasive Lantana, etc.
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, settled 1790 by Bounty mutineers
Population: 66 (1991) Density: 15.7 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.0%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture, postage stamps
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Settled in 1790, evacuated temporarily in 1856; almost all native
vegetation
cleared, cultivation in centre and south in small garden plots, some
reforestation
DATA RELIABILITY: old Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 10 Moderate
CI-Marine: 3 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/02/98
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Page last updated: 09/05/10