Dahl Web Site
ISLAND DIRECTORY
Islands of New Caledonia (France)
Art - including Pott (157m) [1176]
Group: Belep Islands Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 19.75º S Long : 166.65º E
Area: 52.6 sq. km Altitude: 283 m
Shoreline: 49.2 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 0.9354
Depth to nearest land: <200 m
Nearest island: 50 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 1200 km Isolation Index: 49
ISLAND TYPE: continental Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 5
Serpentine scrub; coral reefs and lagoons
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 5
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
turtle nesting area
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 692 (1974) Density: 13.2 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: subsistence fishing, subsistence agriculture
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 4
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 19/11/88
Balabio [1174]
Group: Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 20.15º S Long : 164.20º E
Area: 32.7 sq. km Altitude: 277 m
Shoreline: 34.0 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 1.0398
Depth to nearest land: < 50 m Island only isolated since last ice age
Nearest island: 7 km group: 7 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 1250 km Isolation Index: 41
ISLAND TYPE: continental Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS:
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 5
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 4
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 19/11/88
Chesterfield - including Avon, Long, Loup, Bampton Reef [1430]
Group: Archipelago: Chesterfield Islands
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 19.50º S Long : 158.50º E
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 600 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 850 km Isolation Index: 78
ISLAND TYPE: low coral islets on reefs Natural Protection Indicator: 5
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 10
Atoll scrub; windward and leeward atoll reefs, patch reefs, lagoons
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
20 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES RICHNESS: Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 4
few
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
Marine endemic species: 1
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery turtle nesting area
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: government support, tenure
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 27 High
Last updated: 18/11/88
D'Entrecasteaux Reefs - including Huon,Fabre,Le Leizour,Surprise [1431]
Group: Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 18.20º S Long : 163.10º E
Area: 0.7 sq. km Altitude: 4 m
Depth to nearest land: >201 m
Nearest island: 190 km group: 220 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 800 km Isolation Index: 57
ISLAND TYPE: atoll-like, and low coral Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones common
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 5
Atoll scrub; windward and leeward barrier reefs, patch reefs and lagoons
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 99% Mangrove: 0% Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 4
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery turtle nesting area
turtle nesting area on Huon may be largest in Pacific
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, visited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: former phosphate mining, turtle hunting, fishing
Conservation support: tenure, legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 14 Moderate
Last updated: 18/11/88
Isle of Pines (Kounie, Ile de Pins) - including Koutoumo [476]
Group: Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 22.60º S Long : 167.47º E
Area: 141.4 sq. km Altitude: 110 m
Shoreline: 70.7 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 0.5000
Depth to nearest land: <100 m
Nearest island: 45 km group: 100 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 1200 km Isolation Index: 51
ISLAND TYPE: continental and raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Continental centre surrounded by raised coral, plateau at 107 m
CLIMATE: subtropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 5 Marine: 5
Lowland limestone rain forest, serpentine scrub; barrier
reef, fringing reefs, patch reefs, lagoon bottoms
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Birds:
Drepanoptila holosericea (Cloven-feathered Dove, Pigeon Vert) monospecific genus,
group endemic (also New Caledonia), Vulnerable (RDB) common locally
Eopsaltria flaviventris (Yellow-bellied Robin) group endemic, New Caledonia and Isle of Pines
Pachcephala caledonica (New Caledonian Whistler) group endemic, New Caledonia and Isle of Pines
Erythrura psittacea (Red-throated Parrot-Finch) group endemic, New Caledonia and Isle of Pines
Zosterops xanthocroa (New Caledonia White-eye) group endemic, New Caledonia and Isle of Pines
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 4
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 5
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
coastal stands of Araucaria, particular scenic beauty
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 1159 (1974) Density: 8.2 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture, tourism
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Former penal colony
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 4
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 12 Moderate
CI-Marine: 18 High
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 19/11/88
Lifou [489]
Group: Archipelago: Loyalty Islands
Country: France - New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 20.95º S Long : 167.20º E
Area: 1146.2 sq. km Altitude: 85 m
Shoreline: 221.1 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 0.1929
Depth to nearest land: 1000 m
Nearest island: 100 km group: 75 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 850 km Isolation Index: 48
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Raised former atoll with coastal cliffs, lower in centre
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, tsunamis (4 m in 1875)
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Lowland limestone forest, Araucaria coastal forest; fringing reefs
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
40 |
2 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Birds: 40 species, including:
Zosterops inornata (Large Lifou White-eye) endemic
Zosterops minuta (Small Lifou White-eye) endemic
1 extinct subspecies: Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri
Aplonis striatus ssp., group endemic subspecies, Loyalty Islands
SPECIES RICHNESS: Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
good
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 4
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 7215 (1974) Density: 6.3 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Proposal (1980) for wood-fired generating plant
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 8
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 3 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 19/11/88
Mare [488]
Group: Archipelago: Loyalty Islands
Country: France - New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 21.50º S Long : 168.00º E
Area: 656.6 sq. km Altitude: 129 m
Shoreline: 140.0 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 0.2132
Depth to nearest land: 1000 m
Nearest island: 40 km group: 75 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 850 km Isolation Index: 44
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral and volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Raised coral island with coastal cliffs, two small volcanic buttes in middle
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 4 Marine: 2
Lowland limestone forest, savanna, Araucaria coastal forest; fringing reef
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Birds:
Aplonis striatus ssp., group endemic subspecies
1 extinct subspecies: Turdus poliocephalus mareensis
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 1
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 4
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 3789 (1974) Density: 5.8 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 8
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 9 Moderate
CI-Marine: 2 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 19/11/88
New Caledonia (Grand Terre) [495]
Group: Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 21.40º S Long : 165.50º E
Area: 16648.4 sq. km Altitude: 1618 m
Shoreline: 1248.8 km (scale 1:2000000) Coastal Index: 0.0750
Submerged area <100 m: 0 sq. km Reef area: 8000 sq. km Lagoon area: 16000 sq. km
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 1100 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 1200 km Isolation Index: 88
ISLAND TYPE: continental, some raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Continental fragment with ultramafic intrusions and high mineralization, extensive serpentine soils and laterites, 40% of the world's nickel reserves, chrome, cobalt and other minerals; mountainous interior, steep relief on the northeast coast, more gradual relief on the southwest coast; very extensive barrier reef and lagoon complex, partly sunken and discontinuous on northeast coast.
CLIMATE: seasonal tropical
WATER BALANCE: periodic drought, water supplies limited in west
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones; frequent fires in drier areas
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 40 Marine: 20
Coastal forest (remnants); lowland rain forest with relict species, largely disturbed; submontane rain forest
at 400-1,000m; dry coniferous forest with Araucaria and other gymnosperms; cloud forest; riverine and swamp
forests; many types of ultrabasic/serpentine vegetation almost entirely endemic; fire-maintained grasslands and
savannas with Melaleuca; many fresh-water habitats; extensive mangroves (200 sq. km); rich and diverse coral
reefs and lagoons with extensive barrier reefs. Botanically unique, many endemic species of great scientific
interest, small population sizes and localized distributions. Fauna numerically small but of great interest,
including cagou selected by IUCN as world's most important priority for bird conservation. Islets in south of
lagoon with seabird rookeries; petrel and shearwater colonies breeding at high altitude. Forest Mangroves
Percent shoreline: Coral Reef: 90% Mangrove: -9%
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
3250 |
2474 |
168 |
| Butterflies |
64 |
10 |
0 |
| Land snails |
153 |
153 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
29 |
23 |
0 |
| Land birds |
68 |
20 |
4 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants: partial list of threatened taxa includes:
Blechnum obtusatum francii (Blechnaceae) endemic variety, Indeterminate
Doodia gracilis (Blechnaceae) endemic, Rare
Cyathea cicatricosa (Cyatheaceae) endemic, Rare
Cyathea stelligera (Cyatheaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
44 endemic species of gymnosperm, including:
Agathis montana (Araucariaceae) endemic, Rare
Araucaria luxurians (Araucariaceae) endemic, Rare
Araucaria nemorosa (Araucariaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Araucaria schmidii (Araucariaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Callitris sulcata (Cupressaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Libocedrus chevalieri (Cupressaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Libocedrus yateensis (Cupressaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Neocallitropsis pancheri (Cupressaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Dacrydium guillauminii (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Endangered
Dacrydium lycopodioides (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Decussocarpus minor (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Podocarpus decumbens (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Podocarpus longefoliolatus (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Podocarpus lucienii (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Podocarpus polyspermus (Podocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Agathis lanceolata (Araucariaceae) endemic, exploited nearly to extinction in south
Parasitaxus ustus, parasitic gymnosperm known from 15 sites
some threatened angiosperms include:
Graptophyllum balansae (Acanthaceae) endemic, Rare
Graptophyllum ophiolithicum (Acanthaceae) endemic, Rare
Hemigraphis neocaledonica (Acanthaceae) endemic, Rare
Semecarpus riparius (Anacardiaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Unona tiebaghiensis (Annonaceae) endemic, Rare
Alyxia integricarpa (Apocynaceae) endemic, Rare
Alyxia spathulata (Apocynaceae) endemic, Rare
Alyxia vieillardii (Apocynaceae) endemic, Rare
Cerberiopsis neriifolia (Apocynaceae) endemic, Rare
Melodinus insulae-pinorum (Apocynaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Neisosperma seventii (Apocynaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Neisosperma thiollierei (Apocynaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Rauvolfia spathulata (Apocynaceae) endemic, Rare
Pseudopanax scopoliae (Araliaceae) endemic, Rare
Marsdenia balansae (Asclepiadaceae) endemic, Rare
Balanops balansae (Balanopaceae) endemic, Rare
Canarium whitei (Burseraceae) endemic, Rare
Oceanopapaver neo-caledonicum (Capparaceae) endemic, Rare
Terminalia gatopensis (Combretaceae) endemic, Rare
Turbina inopinata (Convolvulaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Weinmannia ouaiemensis (Cunoniaceae) endemic, Rare
Chorizandra gigantea (Cyperaceae) endemic, Endangered
Elaeocarpus biflorus (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Elaeocarpus castanaefolius (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Elaeocarpus colnettianus (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Elaeocarpus kaalensis (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Elaeocarpus moratii (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Sloanea koghiensis (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Sloanea lepida (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Sloanea suaveolens (Elaeocarpaceae) endemic, Rare
Dracophyllum alticola (Epacridaceae) endemic, Rare
Dracophyllum cosmelioides (Epacridaceae) endemic, Rare
Dracophyllum ouaiemense (Epacridaceae) endemic, Rare
Styphelia enervia (Epacridaceae) endemic, Rare
Agapetes neo-caledonica (Ericaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Eriocaulon longipedunculatum (Eriocaulaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Baloghia anisomera (Euphorbiaceae) endemic, Rare
Bocquillonia arborea (Euphorbiaceae) endemic, Rare
Cocconerion balansae (Euphorbiaceae) endemic, Rare
Nothofagus baumanniae (Fagaceae) endemic, Rare
Nothofagus discoidea (Fagaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Casearia kaalaensis (Flacourtiaceae) endemic, Rare
Xylosoma gigantifolium (Flacourtiaceae) endemic, Rare
Xylosoma peltatum (Flacourtiaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Cyrtandra mareensis (Gesneriaceae) endemic, Rare
Scaevola coccinea (Goodeniaceae) endemic, Endangered
Adenodaphne spathulata (Lauraceae) endemic, Rare
Cryptocarya bitriplinerva (Lauraceae) endemic, Endangered
Cryptocarya longifolia (Lauraceae) endemic, Rare
Endiandra lecardii (Lauraceae) endemic, Rare
Litsea imbricata (Lauraceae) endemic, Rare
Litsea longepedunculata (Lauraceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Litsea miana (Lauraceae) endemic, Rare
Serianthes germainii (Leguminosae) endemic, Endangered
Utricularia canacorum (Lentibulariaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Ficus cataractarum (Moraceae) endemic, Rare
Streblus sclerophyllus (Moraceae) endemic, Rare
Rapanea grandifolia (Myrsinaceae) endemic, Rare
Tapeinosperma amplexicaule (Myrsinaceae) endemic, Rare
Tapeinosperma aragoense (Myrsinaceae) endemic, Rare
Cloezia deplanchei (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Jambosa aff. longifolia (Myrtaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Metrosideros dolichandra (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Metrosideros humboldtiana (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Tristaniopsis polyandra (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Tristaniopsis vieillardii (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Xanthostemon francii (Myrtaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Xanthostemon glaucum (Myrtaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Xanthostemon grisei (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Xanthostemon gugerlii (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Xanthostemon longipes (Myrtaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Xanthostemon sebertii (Myrtaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Xanthostemon sulfureum (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Xanthostemon vieillardii (Myrtaceae) endemic, Rare
Dendrobium munificum (Orchidaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Megastylis latissima (Orchidaceae) endemic, Rare
31 endemic species of palms:
Actinokentia divaricata (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Actinokentia huerlimannii (Palmae) endemic, Indeterminate
Alloschmidia glabrata (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia gracilis (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia pancheri (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia sp. (= -Cyphokentia humboldtiana-) (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia sp. nov. 1 (Mt. Ignambi) (Palmae) endemic, Indeterminate
Basselinia sp. nov. 2 (Mt. Boulinda) (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia sp. nov. 3 (Mt. des Sources, Nekando) (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia sp. nov. 4 (Mt. Nakada) (Palmae) endemic, Indeterminate
Basselinia surculosa (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia tomentosa (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Basselinia velutina (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Brogniartikentia lanuginosa (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Brogniartikentia vaginata (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Burretiokentia hapala (Palmae) endemic, Vulnerable (RDB)
Burretiokentia vieillardii (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Campecarpus fulcitus (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Chambeyronia lepidota (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Chambeyronia macrocarpa (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Clinosperma bractealis (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Cyphokentia macrostachys (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Cyphophoenix elegans (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Cyphophoenix nucele (Palmae) endemic, Rare (RDB)
Cyphosperma balansae (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Kentiopsis oliviformia (Palmae) endemic, Endangered
Lavoixia macrocarpa (Palmae) endemic, Endangered
Mackeea magnifica (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Moratia cerifera (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Pritchardiopsis jeanneneyi (Palmae) endemic, presumed Extinct until one individual found in 1983, Endangered
Veillonia alba (Palmae) endemic, Rare
Pandanus clandestinus (Pandanaceae) endemic, Rare
Pandanus lacuum (Pandanaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Beauprea congesta (Proteaceae) endemic, Rare
Beauprea crassifolia (Proteaceae) endemic, Rare
Kermadecia pronyensis (Proteaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Macadamia vieillardii (Proteaceae) endemic, Rare
Stenocarpus dumbeensis (Proteaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Stenocarpus villosus (Proteaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Alphitonia erubescens (Rhamnaceae) endemic, Rare
Bikkia kaalaensis (Rubiaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Bikkia lenormandii (Rubiaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Bikkia pachyphylla (Rubiaceae) endemic, Endangered
Captaincookia margaretae (Rubiaceae) endemic, Endangered, restricted to one small site
Cyclophyllum tenuipes (Rubiaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Neofranciella pterocarpon (Rubiaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Citrus neo-caledonica (Rutaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Citrus oxanthera (Rutaceae) endemic, Endangered
Euodia wagapensis (Rutaceae) endemic, Rare
Geijera salicifolia (Rutaceae) endemic, Rare
Oxanthera undulata (Rutaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Sarcomelicope sarcococca (Rutaceae) endemic, Endangered
Zieria chevalieri (Rutaceae) endemic, Endangered
Exocarpos baumannii (Santalaceae) endemic, Rare
Exocarpos spathulatus (Santalaceae) endemic, Rare
Cossinia trifoliolata (Sapindaceae) endemic, Endangered
Podonephelium parvifolium (Sapindaceae) endemic, Rare
Storthocalyx sordidus (Sapindaceae) endemic, Rare
Iteiluma leptostylidifolium (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Iteiluma rheophytopsis (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Planchonella contermina (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Planchonella kaalaensis (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Planchonella koumaciensis (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Planchonella pronyensis (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Planchonella vieillardii (Sapotaceae) endemic, Rare
Solanum hugonis (Solanaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Solanum insulae-pinorum (Solanaceae) endemic, Vulnerable
Solanum pseuderanthemoides (Solanaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Solanum vaccinioides (Solanaceae) endemic, Rare
Sphenostemon oppositifolium (Sphenostemonaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Deltaria brachyblastophora (Thymelaeaceae) endemic, Endangered
Gmelina lignum-vitreum (Verbenaceae) endemic, Indeterminate
Oxera crassifolia (Verbenaceae) endemic, Rare
Insects
Micropterygidae (primitive moths)
Agathiphagidae (moths, seed miners on Agathis)
64 species of butterflies (including Loyalty Islands), 11 endemic
Euploea helcita, endemic to New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands
Delias ellipsis (Pieridae) endemic, forest
Papilio montrouzieri (Papilionidae) endemic, forest
Polyura clitarchus (Charaxinae) endemic, forest
Polyura gamma (Charaxinae) endemic, forest, localized
Graphium gelon (Papilionidae) endemic, forest
Nacaduba deplorans (Lycaenidae) endemic, lateritic soils, infrequent
Psychonotis purpurea (Lycaenidae) endemic, rare
Elodina signata (Pieridae) endemic, forest and dry woodland
Paratisiphone lyrnessa (Satyrinae) endemic, southern vegetation
Austroypthima petersi (Satyrinae) endemic, southern vegetation
55 species of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), mostly endemic, mountains
Other invertebrates
estimated 200-400 land snails of which 153 described, entirely endemic, often with localized distributions, including:
11 fresh-water species
23 land prosobranchs
20 bulimulids
49 endodontids
24 paryphantids
19 miscellaneous endemic pulmonates
there are 18 introduced land snails, including Achatina fulica and Euglandina rosa
Reptiles-Amphibians
29 species of lizards, including 4 endemic genera, 23 endemic species:
13 geckos including:
Eurydactylodes symmetricus (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Eurydactylodes vieillardi (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus auriculatus (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus chahoua (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus ciliatus (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus leachianus (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus sarasinorum (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus (Gekkonidae) endemic genus
15 skinks including:
Eugongylus bocourti (Scincidae) endemic, known by type only
Eugongylus haraldmeieri (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma austrocaledonicum (Scincidae) endemic?
Leiolopisma atropunctatum (Scincidae) ?
Leiolopisma greeri (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma nigrofasciolatum (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma novaecaledoniae (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma steindachneri (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma tricolor (Scincidae) endemic
Leiolopisma variabile (Scincidae) endemic
no snakes
Birds:
Rhynochetos jubatus (Kagu) monotypic endemic family, undisturbed forest in wetter areas, Endangered (RDB), 500-1000 (1984)
Drepanoptila holosericea (Cloven-feathered Dove, Pigeon Vert) monospecific genus, group endemic (also on Isle of Pines), forested hills, Vulnerable (RDB), common in north, reduced to small populations in south.
Ducula goliath (Notou, Giant Imperial Pigeon) endemic, montane forest (formerly also on Isle of Pines), Vulnerable (RDB)
Accipiter haplochrous (New Caledonian Sparrowhawk) endemic, common
Tricholimnas lafresnayanus (New Caledonian Wood Rail) endemic, probably extinct (not sighted for 100 years)
Charmosyna diadema (New Caledonian Lorikeet) endemic, probably extinct
Eunymphicus cornutus cornutus (New Caledonian Horned Parakeet) endemic subspecies, uncommon but widespread
Aegotheles savesi (New Caledonian Owlet-nightjar) endemic *
Megalurulus mariei (New Caledonian Grass Warbler) endemic genus, in scrub
Eopsaltria flaviventris (Yellow-bellied Robin) group endemic, forests
Pachcephala caledonica (New Caledonian Whistler) group endemic, forests
Gymnomyza aubryana (Red-faced or Crow Honeyeater, Meliphage Noir) endemic, little known and local, small population
Phylidonyris (Guadalcanaria) undulata (Barred Honeyeater) endemic, uncommon
Philemon diemenensis (Oiseau-Moine) endemic
Erythrura psittacea (Red-throated Parrot-Finch) group endemic
Coracina analis (New Caledonian Cuckoo-shrike or Greybird) endemic, Rare
Zosterops xanthocroa (New Caledonia White-eye) group endemic
Corvus moneduloides (New Caledonian Crow) endemic
Aplonis striatus striatus endemic subspecies
Marine life:
252 species of marine algae, including at least 8 endemics
2 endemic volute molluscs:
Cymbiolacea deshayesi, endemic
Cymbiolacea rossiniana, endemic
5 endemic cones, including:
Conus marmoreus crosseanus, endemic
SPECIES RICHNESS: Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 5 Marine: 2
very rich and unique
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 6 Group: 5
very high
Marine endemic species: 8
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 3 Group: 2
some
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 1
seabird rookeries
botanically unique; unusual endemic birds; barrier reef
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 4
Javan deer, feral pigs, dogs and cats, snails
Plants: many invasive species such as guava, lantana, Lucaena
Other invertebrates: 18 introduced land snails, including: Achatina fulica (Gaint African Snail); Euglandina rosa (carniverous snail)
Mammals: extensive cattle grazing, plus many feral animals (pigs, dogs, cats); introduced Javan deer
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, Noumea with urban/industrial development
Population: 130000 (1983) Density: 7.8 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: nickel mining/refining, government, cattle, coffee
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Extensive deforestation, pasture and agricultural development, only 10% of forest undisturbed and still diminishing; widespread surface mining and mineral exploration at higher elevations along ridges with pollution of watersheds; urban development around Noumea.
Habitat: urban centre, towns, villages Urban Pop: 60000 Urban Indicator: 4
Accessibility: port, airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
Conservation support: legislation, government support, tenure
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
Number: 18 Area: Terrestrial: 621.8 sq. km Marine: 467 sq. km
Riviere Bleue Territorial Park (9,045 ha), proposed enlargement upper Pourina (4,000 ha)
Thy Territorial Park (1,133 ha)
Montagne des Sources Strict Nature Reserve (5,870 ha)
Yves Merlet Marine Reserve (22,925 ha) (CRD)
Aoupine Fauna Reserve (5,400 ha)
Haute Yate Fauna Reserve (6,855 ha)
Lepredour Islet Fauna Reserve (760 ha)
Mont Humboldt Botanical Reserve (3,200 ha)
Mont Mou Botanical Reserve (675 ha)
Mont Panie Botanical Reserve (5,080 ha)
Pam Island Faunal Reserve (460 ha)
Southern Botanical Reserve (4,466 ha)
Maitre and Amedee Islets Reserve (774 ha) (CRD)
Marine Fauna Rotating Reserve (30,000 ha) (CRD)
Tangadiou Reafforestation Area (1016 ha)
Col d'Amieu Table Unio Forest Reserve (12,000 ha)
Tiponite Forest Reserve (1085 ha)
Mont Mou Forest Reserve (4363 ha)
Proposed protected areas:
park near Bourail between Col des Roussettes and Col d'Amieu
Gatope Reef reserve
Mengolia Reef reserve
Hienghene-Ouaiene Reef reserve
Povila Forest Park
DATA RELIABILITY: data good but quantitatively inadequate Data Rel. Indicator: 3
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 12
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 80 Outstanding
CI-Marine: 35 High
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 07/05/89
Ouen [1175]
Group: Archipelago: New Caledonia
Country: France - New Caledonia Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 22.50º S Long : 168.80º E
Area: 38.1 sq. km Altitude: 332 m
Shoreline: 38.4 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 1.0079
Depth to nearest land: 50 m
Nearest island: 1 km group: 1 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 800 km Isolation Index: 30
ISLAND TYPE: continental Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 5
Scrub, savanna, Araucaria stands; fringing reefs, patch reefs, lagoon, algal beds. Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 5
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 4
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 11 Moderate
CI-Marine: 16 High
Last updated: 19/11/88
Ouvea [475]
Group: Archipelago: Loyalty Islands
Country: France - New Caledonia - Loyalty Islands Region: Oceania 4
Lat: 20.60º S Long : 166.60º E
Area: 133.5 sq. km Altitude: 39 m
Shoreline: 127.9 km (scale 1:500000) Coastal Index: 0.9581
Depth to nearest land: 1000 m
Nearest island: 45 km group: 75 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 850 km Isolation Index: 45
ISLAND TYPE: atoll with some raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Tilted atoll with raised coral on one rim, sunken reef on other
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, fires
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 5 Marine: 5
Lowland limestone rain forest, scrub, atoll forest; mangroves; windward and leeward atoll reefs, fringing reef, lagoon.
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
1 |
1 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Birds: Eunymphicus cornutus uveaensis (Ouvea Horned Parakeet) endemic subspecies, Endangered (RDB) less than 200 (1974).
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 1
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 4
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 2374 (1974) Density: 17.8 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 1.2%/yr Increasing slowly
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture, subsistence fishing,, former tourism
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Habitat: villages Urban Pop: 0 Urban Indicator: 0
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 33% Human Threat Indicator: 1
Gross Domestic Product: $ 6761 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 3
Conservation support: public support
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 9
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 19/11/88
Return to Island Directory Home Page
NOTE: For an explanation of each field, click on the colon (:)
Page last updated: 02/03/98