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ISLAND DIRECTORY
Islands of South Sandwich Islands
Bellingshausen [1616]
Group: Southern Thule Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 59.42º S Long : 27.08º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 3 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1750 km Isolation Index: 72
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar -1 to -11øC
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of lower plants (lichens and mosses), richer around
fumaroles with dense bryophyte communities; rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, penguins seals
fumaroles with rich cryptogamic communities
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 6 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Bristol [1615]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 59.00º S Long : 26.50º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 1100 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 20 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1775 km Isolation Index: 75
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar -1 to -11øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of lower plants (crustaceous lichens and the alga
Prasiola);
rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, penguins seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Candlemas - including Vindication [1620]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 57.08º S Long : 26.75º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 550 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 15 km group: 700 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1850 km Isolation Index: 73
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Active volcanic island with fumaroles, 6 by 3 km, over half ice covered
CLIMATE: wet polar +3 to -6øC
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Varied lichen flora, especially fruticose lichen Usnea antarctica, with
carpets of moss, richer flora around fumaroles with dense bryophyte and
liverwort communities, small stands of grass Deschampsia antarctica;
rocky
shores
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
4 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
13 algae, 27 lichens, 31 mosses, 12 liverworts, some fungi
1 vascular plant:
Deschampsia antarctica (grass)
Insects:
11 mites, 2 springtails
Reptiles/amphibians:
none
Birds:
4 penguins, 3 breeding, 10 other breeding seabirds on South Sandwich
Islands
Mammals:
no terrestrial mammals
4 seals
SPECIES RICHNESS:
one higher plant
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
HUMAN IMPACTS:
19th century sealing
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
Island is legally protected, activities controlled by permit
Covered by Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 01/07/89
Cook [1617]
Group: Southern Thule Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 59.43º S Long : 27.17º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 1067 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 1 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1750 km Isolation Index: 71
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar -1 to -11øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of lower plants (crustaceous lichens and the alga
Prasiola);
rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Leskov [1623]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 56.77º S Long : 28.17º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 16 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1850 km Isolation Index: 72
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar +3 to -6øC
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Varied flora of crustaceous and fruticose lichens with carpets of moss,
richer around fumaroles with dense bryophyte and liverwort communities;
rocky
shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
fumaroles with dense cryptogamic communities
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Montagu [1614]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 58.45º S Long : 26.33º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 1375 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 22 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1800 km Isolation Index: 75
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar -1 to -11øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of lower plants (crustose lichens and the green alga
Prasiola); rocky shores
SPECIES RICHNESS:
no higher plants
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery, penguins seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Saunders [1619]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 57.80º S Long : 26.47º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 990 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 23 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1825 km Isolation Index: 76
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar +3 to -6øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of crustaceous lichens and the alga Prasiola; rocky
shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Thule (Southern Thule) [1618]
Group: Southern Thule Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 59.43º S Long : 27.18º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 1 km group: 800 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1750 km Isolation Index: 71
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet polar -1 to -11øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Sparce vegetation of widely scattered crustose lichens and the green
alga
Prasiola; rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, research station
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: scientific research
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 1 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Visokoi [1621]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 56.72º S Long : 27.25º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 915 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 15 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1850 km Isolation Index: 71
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar +3 to -6øC
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions
Threat Indicator: 1
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Crustaceous and fruticose lichens with carpets of moss, richer around
fumaroles with dense bryophytes and liverworts; rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
fumaroles with rich cryptogamic flora
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
Zavodovski [1622]
Group: Archipelago: South Sandwich Islands
Country: United Kingdom - Falkland - S. Sandwich Region: South Atlantic
Lat: 56.28º S Long : 27.67º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: 490 m
Depth to nearest land: 3000 m
Nearest island: 16 km group: 600 km
Nearest continent: Antarctic Distance: 1850 km Isolation Index: 72
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet polar +3 to -6øC
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Lichens and mosses; rocky shores
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
none
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird/penguin rookery, seals
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
none recorded
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: none
Conservation support: tenure, government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 1 Area: Terrestrial: 0.0 sq. km Marine: 0 sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: good Data Rel. Indicator: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 4 Low
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 01/07/89
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Page last updated: 09/05/10