Dahl Web Site
ISLAND DIRECTORY
Islands of Tonga
Ata ('Ata) [1473]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 22.58º S Long : 176.17º W
Area: 2.3 sq. km Altitude: 355 m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 150 km group: 300 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3000 km Isolation Index: 84
ISLAND TYPE: high volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3
Rain forest, coconuts;
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
major seabird rookery
few land birds
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
no feral animals
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited to 1860s
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: tenure, legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: poor Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 12 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 04/12/88
Eua ('Eua) [1269]
Group: Tongatapu Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 21.35º S Long : 174.90º W
Area: 86.7 sq. km Altitude: 328 m
Shoreline: 45.2 km (scale 1:1000000) Coastal Index: 0.5213
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 18 km group: 100 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 71
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Two parallel ridges with cliffs and terraces on east coast
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 5 Marine: 3
Lowland rain forest (best examples in Tonga) with Calophyllum vitense
and
Eilatostachys falcata, higher forest with Alphitonia ziziphoides and
Rhus
taitensis; grasslands; scrub in central valley; fringing reef; steep
east
coast cliffs with terraced pools ringed by coralline algae
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
5 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
Dryopteris euanensis (fern) endemic
Dryopteris macroptera (fern) endemic
Ixora yunckeri (Hunivau, flowering shrub) endemic
Dysoxylum tongense (Mo'ota, kula) endemic
Phyllanthus amicorum (Euphorbiaceae) endemic
Pittosporum yunckeri (Lauteau) endemic to 'Eua and Tongatapu
Maniltou amoxium (Tamanu) endemic to 'Eua and Vava'u
Birds:
Prosopeia tabuensis (Red-breasted Musk Parrot) possibly introduced
from Fiji
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 2
5 endemic plants
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
deep ravine with tree ferns and lianas
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: agriculture, logging
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: partial Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 11 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
REFERENCES:
Nunn, Patrick D. 1988. Potential impacts of projected sea-level rise
on
Pacific Island states (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga and Western
Samoa): a preliminary report. In: Interim report on potential impacts
of
greenhouse gas generated climate change and projected sea-level rise
on
Pacific Island states of the SPREP region. UNEP(OCA)/WG.2/20
Last updated: 11/02/89
Foa [1265]
Group: Ha'apai Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.74º S Long : 174.30º W
Area: 13.4 sq. km Altitude: 14 m
Shoreline: 18.1 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 1.3507
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 1 km group: 75 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 66
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, low cliffs Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS:
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, dense population
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Fonuafo'ou (Falcon) [1461]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 20.32º S Long : 175.42º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 25 km group: 300 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 79
ISLAND TYPE: submarine volcano-intermittent Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones, ocean erosion
Threat Indicator: 3
ECOSYSTEMS:
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 1
active submarine volcano
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, no habitable area
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 7 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Fonualei [1258]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.02º S Long : 174.32º W
Area: 4.3 sq. km Altitude: 195 m
Shoreline: 11.0 km (scale 1:25000) Coastal Index: 2.5581
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 20 km group: 70 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 73
ISLAND TYPE: active volcano Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 3
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2
Forest; fringing reef
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
active volcano
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 13 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Ha'ano [1261]
Group: Ha'apai Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.67º S Long : 174.28º W
Area: 6.7 sq. km Altitude: 8 m
Shoreline: 14.8 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 2.2090
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 2 km group: 75 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 67
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical 23-32øC
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS:
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, dense population
Population: 1350 Density: 201.5 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 7
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Home Reef [1460]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.99º S Long : 174.78º W
Area: 0.0 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 20 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3100 km Isolation Index: 80
ISLAND TYPE: submarine volcano-intermittent Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones, ocean erosion
Threat Indicator: 3
ECOSYSTEMS:
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 1
active submarine volcano
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, no habitable area
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 2
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 7 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Hunga [1259]
Group: Vava'u Group, Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga: Pacific
Lat: 18.68º SLong: 174.11º W Region: Oceania 8
Area: 5.6 sq. km Altitude: 75 m Shoreline: 18.6 km (scale 1:300000)
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, coastal cliffs
Hunga Ha'apai [1463]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 20.55º S Long : 175.42º W
Area: 0.7 sq. km Altitude: 122 m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 55 km group: 300 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 81
ISLAND TYPE: low volcanic ridge Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
Grasslands on west side, some bushes and a few coconuts
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 11/02/89
Hunga Tonga [1462]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 20.53º S Long : 175.42º W
Area: 0.4 sq. km Altitude: 149 m
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 60 km group: 300 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 82
ISLAND TYPE: low volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, ocean erosion
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
seabird rookery
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Kao [1264]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.67º S Long : 175.01º W
Area: 11.6 sq. km Altitude: 1046 m
Shoreline: 14.2 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 1.2241
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 4 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 66
ISLAND TYPE: high volcanic, 2 craters Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 3
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3
Forest on lower slopes, cloud forest on summit; lake; rocky shore with
shallow
coral patches
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
active volcano; freshwater crater lake
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, small population
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1060 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 11 Moderate
CI-Marine: 3 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Kapa [1260]
Group: Vava'u Group, Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga: Pacific
Lat: 18.69º SLong: 174.03º W Region: Oceania 8
Area: 6.4 sq. km Altitude: 96 m Shoreline: 15.0 km (scale 1:300000)
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, coastal cliffs
Late [1267]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.85º S Long : 174.60º W
Area: 17.4 sq. km Altitude: 519 m
Shoreline: 28.8 km (scale 1:25000) Coastal Index: 1.6552
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 65 km group: 65 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3300 km Isolation Index: 74
ISLAND TYPE: high volcanic, coastal cliffs Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Forest to west, scrub elsewhere; corals in pools
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
pigeons
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
wild pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, occasional human use
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 10 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Lifuka [1263]
Group: Ha'apai Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.80º S Long : 174.35º W
Area: 11.3 sq. km Altitude: 14 m
Shoreline: 21.8 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 1.9292
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 1 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 65
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, low cliffs east Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS:
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, mostly cultivated
Population: 3400 (1960) Density: 300.9 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 9
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 2 Low
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Niuafo'ou [1253]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 15.60º S Long : 175.63º W
Area: 52.3 sq. km Altitude: 205 m
Shoreline: 26.8 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 0.5124
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 200 km group: 300 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 91
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic crater Natural Protection Indicator: 1
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Volcanic crater with central lake with hot springs, 20-30 m coastal
cliffs
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions (1929, 1946), cyclones
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3
Reed swamp with Cyperus in lake; rocky coast
| SPECIES NUMBERS: |
Total |
Endemic |
Threatened (EVRI) |
| Plants |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Butterflies |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land snails |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Rept/Amphib |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Land birds |
0 |
1 |
1 |
| Mammals |
0 |
0 |
0 |
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Birds:
Megapodius pritchardii (Pritchard's Megapode or Malau) endemic,
vulnerable,
200-400 (1976).
Vini australis (Lorikeet) subregional
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 1 Group: 2
one endemic bird
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
active volcano, crater lake with hot springs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 566 (1960) Density: 10.8 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 3 Low
REFERENCES:
Last updated: 11/02/89
Niuatoputapu [1266]
Group: Niuatoputapu Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 15.96º S Long : 173.74º W
Area: 15.6 sq. km Altitude: 146 m
Shoreline: 18.8 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 1.2051
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 10 km group: 290 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 80
ISLAND TYPE: volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2
Fringing reefs, barrier reefs
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 1389 (1960) Density: 89.0 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 5
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 8 Moderate
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Nomuka [1464]
Group: Nomuka Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 20.25º S Long : 174.77º W
Area: 5.3 sq. km Altitude: 51 m
Submerged area <100 m: 0 sq. km Reef area: 0 sq. km Lagoon area: 2 sq. km
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 50 km group: 370 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 83
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 3
Narrow fringing reef, salt water lagoon with some Cyperus
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture, coconuts
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 6 Moderate
CI-Marine: 6 Moderate
Last updated: 11/02/89
Nuapapu [1255]
Group: Vava'u Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.69º S Long : 174.08º W
Area: 3.2 sq. km Altitude: 64 m
Shoreline: 15.7 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 4.9062
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 2 km group: 110 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 72
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, coastal cliffs Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
Limestone forest; mangroves; shallow reefs, seagrass areas
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 10 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Pangaimotu [1262]
Group: Vava'u Group, Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga: Pacific
Lat: 18.68º SLong: 174.00º W Region: Oceania 8
Area: 9.2 sq. km Altitude: 88 m Shoreline: 23.7 km (scale 1:300000)
ISLAND TYPE: Raised coral
Tafahi [1256]
Group: Niuatoputapu Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 15.85º S Long : 173.71º W
Area: 3.4 sq. km Altitude: 506 m
Shoreline: 7.3 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 2.1471
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 10 km group: 270 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 80
ISLAND TYPE: extinct volcanic cone Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3
Lowland rain forest, cloud forest on summit
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 60 (1960) Density: 17.6 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 9 Moderate
CI-Marine: 2 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Tofua [1268]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.75º S Long : 175.10º W
Area: 49.9 sq. km Altitude: 505 m
Shoreline: 26.7 km (scale 1:1000000) Coastal Index: 0.5351
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 4 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3200 km Isolation Index: 66
ISLAND TYPE: high volcanic Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones, earthqhakes
Threat Indicator: 3
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 1
Forest to south and south-west
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
active volcano
INVASIVE SPECIES: Invasive Species Indicator: 0
feral pigs
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 3
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 10 Moderate
CI-Marine: 4 Low
Last updated: 11/02/89
Toku [1254]
Group: Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.15º S Long : 174.18º W
Area: 0.4 sq. km Altitude: 16 m
Shoreline: 2.6 km (scale 1:25000) Coastal Index: 6.5000
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 20 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 72
ISLAND TYPE: low flat-topped active volcano Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: volcanic eruptions, cyclones
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 0
active volcano
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 7 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Tongatapu [985]
Group: Tongatapu Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 21.20º S Long : 175.20º W
Area: 259.3 sq. km Altitude: 82 m
Shoreline: 135.6 km (scale 1:1000000) Coastal Index: 0.5229
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 800 km group: 400 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3000 km Isolation Index: 103
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 0
GEOLOGY/SOILS:
Raised coral platform, sloping gently from cliffbound south with
wave-cut
platform, to lowlying north with many offshore islets and reefs
CLIMATE: tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 6 Marine: 7
Coastal forest and scrub along cliffs; one remaining 20 ha patch of
lowland
rain forest (Toloa Forest); secondary regrowth and grasslands;
mangroves;
fringing reefs, patch reefs, barrier reefs; beaches and sandy bottoms;
seagrass beds; lagoons
Percent of land: Forested: 1% Developed: 0% Degraded: 0%
SPECIES OF CONSERVATION INTEREST:
Plants:
Pittosporum yunckeri (Lauteau) endemic, Tongatapu and 'Eua
Birds:
1 extinct bird Pomaria nigra tabuensis
Prosopeia tabuensis tabuensis (Red Shining Parrot) small population in
Toloa
forest
Mammals:
Pteropus tonganus (Flying Fox)
Marine life:
20 coral genera
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 2
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
SPECIAL FEATURES : Special Features Indicator - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 1
nearly enclosed Fanga'utu lagoon complex fish breeding area
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited, capital with urban area
Population: 50000 Density: 192.8 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture, government, tourism
HUMAN IMPACTS:
Urban area and some light industry around capital of
Nuku'alofa; island almost entirely cleared for cultivation;
surrounding waters overfished
Habitat: Urban Pop: 20000 Urban Indicator: 4
Accessibility: port, airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: government support, legislation
PROTECTED AREAS: Protected Area Coverage Indicators - Terrestrial: 0 Marine: 0
Number: 5 Area: Terrestrial: 0.2 sq. km Marine: 28 sq. km
Vaomopa Nature Reserve (Toloa Forest, remaining 20 ha forest area)
Ha'atafu Beach Reserve (8 ha marine) (CRD)
Fanga'utu and Fangakakau Lagoons fishing reserve (2830 ha marine)
Ha'amonga Trilithon (cultural site) (23 ha)
Mui Hopohoponga (protected landscape)
DATA RELIABILITY: partial Data Rel. Indicator: 2
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 11
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 9 Moderate
CI-Marine: 12 Moderate
REFERENCES:
Nunn, Patrick D. 1988. Potential impacts of projected sea-level rise
on
Pacific Island states (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga and Western
Samoa): a preliminary report. In: Interim report on potential impacts
of
greenhouse gas generated climate change and projected sea-level rise
on
Pacific Island states of the SPREP region. UNEP(OCA)/WG.2/20
Palmer, Michael W. 1988. The vegetation and anthropogenic disturbance
of
Toloa Forest, Tongatapu Island, South Pacific. Micronesica
21(1-2):279-281.
Last updated: 08/07/90
Uoleva [1257]
Group: Ha'apai Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 19.85º S Long : 174.40º W
Area: 3.5 sq. km Altitude: ? m
Shoreline: 10.9 km (scale 1:300000) Coastal Index: 3.1143
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 3 km group: 50 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3400 km Isolation Index: 67
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral Natural Protection Indicator: 2
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 1 Marine: 1
SPECIES RICHNESS:
Species Richness Indicator - Terrestrial: 2 Marine: 0
moderate
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Uninhabited, formerly inhabited
Population: 0 Density: 0.0 persons/sq. km
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 10 Moderate
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 22/11/88
Vava'u (Uta Vava'u) [984]
Group: Vava'u Group Archipelago: Tonga Islands
Country: Tonga Region: Oceania 8
Lat: 18.60º S Long : 174.00º W
Area: 103.6 sq. km Altitude: 204 m
Shoreline: 99.0 km (scale 1:1000000) Coastal Index: 0.9556
Depth to nearest land: 2000 m
Nearest island: 290 km group: 500 km
Nearest continent: Australia Distance: 3600 km Isolation Index: 99
ISLAND TYPE: raised coral, coastal cliffs Natural Protection Indicator: 0
CLIMATE: wet tropical
CATASTROPHIC THREATS: cyclones, earthquakes
Threat Indicator: 2
ECOSYSTEMS: Number of Ecosystems - Terrestrial: 3 Marine: 5
Grasslands, swamp; extensive coral reefs
ENDEMISM: Terrestrial: Terrestrial Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 2
Marine endemic species: 0
Marine Endemism Indicator - Island: 0 Group: 0
HUMAN OCCUPATION: Inhabited
Population: 9400 (1960) Density: 90.7 persons/sq. km
Growth Rate: 0.8%/yr Stable
Major Human Activities: subsistence agriculture
Accessibility: airport
Percent population in agr/mining/fishing: 45% Human Threat Indicator: 2
Gross Domestic Product: $ 1030 per capita Economic Pressure Indicator: 1
Conservation support: legislation
DATA RELIABILITY: Data Rel. Indicator: 1
HUMAN IMPACT INDEX HI: 5
CONSERVATION IMPORTANCE INDEX CI-Terrestrial: 5 Low
CI-Marine: 5 Moderate
Last updated: 11/02/89
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