Five years scientific research and curatorial experience, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA, with special interests in coral reef ecology, marine algae, and island environments, and continuing activity on various international scientific committees.

Eleven years residence in the South Pacific as adviser to governments and international organizations in ecology, conservation and environmental management, with extensive field experience, including at the grass-roots level. Three years residence in Africa and twenty years in Europe. Wide knowledge of the Asia-Pacific region and of small island developing States, particularly the developing countries and territories of the Pacific Islands, complemented by experience in the Caribbean and Africa, and visits to many other areas.

Thirty-five years programme management and administrative experience in the planning, organization and evaluation of international multi-disciplinary programmes of research, observation, and environmental assessment and management, including liaison with governments, organization of cooperation among international agencies, directing intergovernmental meetings, scientific symposia and training courses, and implementing the results of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio de Janeiro, 1992).

Producer of training and audio-visual materials, lecturer and writer (in English and French) for scientific audiences and the general public on ecology, conservation, religion, environment and sustainable development.

Consultant to many international organizations and government agencies, with special emphasis on coral reef and coastal zone management, conservation of nature and biodiversity, environment and management of islands, environmental education and training, rural social and economic development, indicators of environment and sustainability, and applications of science in developing countries.

Academic experience including organizing curriculum development and teaching graduate level courses in social and economic development, member of scientific committee for University of Geneva Continuing Education Certificate in Sustainable Development, coordinator of UNEP/University of Geneva Environmental Diplomacy Programme, and occasional lecturer for other advanced university courses.

Recent substantive interests have focussed on coral reef protection and management, information for environmental decision-making, indicators of sustainable development, organization of observations and assessments of the global environment, public participation in environmental observations, new economic paradigms, and the special problems of small island developing States.

EDUCATION:
Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) in Biological Sciences with Departmental Honors, Stanford University, California, 1964. (Honors project directed by Dr. Peter Raven)

Graduate study, Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, Summer 1964.

Graduate research, Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, Summer 1965.

Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1969. (Major Professor: Dr. Michael Neushul Jr.)

FELLOWSHIPS:
NDEA Title IV Fellowship, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1964-1967.
National Science Foundation Graduate Student Training Grant, Friday Harbor Laboratories, Summer 1965.
Public Health Service (NIH) Predoctoral Research Fellowship, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1967-1968.
Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1969-1970.

since September 2002
Retired from the United Nations Environment Programme. Part-time consultant adviser to UNEP and other international and nongovernmental organizations. Scientific adviser to research programmes on coral reefs, remote sensing and biodiversity. Coordinator of UNEP/University of Geneva Environmental Diplomacy Programme; web site: http://www.unige.ch/formcont/environmentaldiplomacy/
Consultancies have included:
- United Nations Environment Programme: strategies for IGOS Partnership; assessment of national State-of-the-Environment reports since 1992
- World Economic Forum: Executive Opinion Survey; Global Competitiveness Report 2004; Environmental Sustainability Index 2005; Environmental Performance Index 2006; and an ICT case study of Taiwan 2006
- University of Geneva: Environmental Diplomacy Programme
- Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE): project assessing indicators of sustainable development; and policy brief on indicators of sustainability
- research on privatization in the former Soviet Union, the effectiveness of tax-free zones for development, and indicators of the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance

2000-2002
Director, Coral Reef Unit, Division of Environmental Conventions, United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. (UN D-1). Duties: responsible for providing global leadership and building international partnerships for the assessment, protection and sustainable management of coral reefs and related ecosystems; lead UNEP involvement in the International Coral Reef Initiative and International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN). Acting Director of ICRAN from March 2002. Web sites: http://coral.unep.ch/ and http://www.icran.org

1992-2000
Coordinator, UN System-wide Earthwatch, United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland. (UN D-1). Duties: responsible for coordination of UN system-wide Earthwatch; planning and coordination of inter-agency co-operation for environmental observation, assessment and reporting; coordination of global observing systems and Integrated Global Observing Strategy; contributions to Global Environment Outlook reports; Task manager for Earthwatch in reporting to UN Commission on Sustainable Development; work on indicators of sustainable development, forecasting and early warning mechanisms, coral reefs, small islands, and inter-relation of economic, social and environmental factors. Web sites: http://earthwatch.unep.net/ and http://www.igospartners.org

also 1996-1998
Deputy Assistant Executive Director, Division of Environment Information and Assessment, United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland (UN D-1). Duties: provide strategic and policy guidance; support and deputize for the head of division as necessary.

1989-1992
Deputy to the Director, Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. (UN D-1) Duties: planning and policy development; general oversight of the Regional Seas Programmes (12 regions, http://www.unep.ch/seas/) and global programmes; responsible for personnel matters (including recruitment), fund management section and publications programme, Mediterranean, South Pacific and Eastern African Regions, Marine Mammals Action Plan, coral reef activities, input to United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED 1992); Officer-in-Charge during vacancy in the position of Director, Sept-Dec. 1990

1982-1989
Consulting ecologist to governments and international organizations, including:
Government of New Caledonia, 1982-1983; South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), 1983-85; Kanak Cultural, Scientific and Technical Office (New Caledonia), 1983-1984; Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, 1985; World Conservation Union (IUCN), 1985-1988; Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, 1986-1989; Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), 1986-1987; Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, 1987; UNESCO, 1987-1988.

Principal consultancy topics: coral reef and coastal zone management, conservation of nature and biodiversity, ecology and management of island environments and development of island database, environmental education and training, preparation and evaluation of programs and project documents, organization of scientific meetings and editing of scientific publications, rural social and economic development, applications of science in developing countries.

1974-1982
Regional Ecological Adviser, South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia (regional organization of 27 governments). Duties: adviser to governments and international organizations on ecology, conservation, biodiversity and environmental management; responsible for the planning, organization and administration of an international programme of technical assistance and environmental management, including liaison with governments and international organizations, fund-raising, and the direction of intergovernmental meetings, scientific symposia and training courses. The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) created by these activities is now a well-established regional organization [now known as the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme] (http://www.sprep.org).

1970-1974
Associate Curator (Algae), Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., then Research Associate (honorary affiliation), 1974-1982. Duties: Basic research in biology, particularly in coral reef ecology, marine algae and island environments; field work in Caribbean and Pacific; organizer of international interdisciplinary research programmes on coral reef ecosystems.

1969-1970
Visiting Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Research on algal ecology of coral reefs.

1965-1966
Teaching Assistant, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California.
Classes and laboratories in biology and algology.

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE:

Factors controlling interactions between organisms and their environment:
- Studies on ecology of Littorina (Gastropoda), 1964.
- Culture studies of subtidal marine algae, 1964-1966.
- Studies on the life history and epiphytism of Soranthera (Phaeophyta), 1965.
- Research on ecology, reproduction, submicroscopic structure, and vegetative development
of the brown alga Zonaria farlowii (Dictyotales), 1964-1969.
- Development of quantitative marine ecological surveys and long-term coral reef
monitoring techniques, 1969-present.
- Studies, as part of interdisciplinary programs, of coral reef and algal ecology, with
development of theoretical systems models, 1970-1974.
- Research on deep coral reef ecology as an aquanaut in the Puerto Rico International
Undersea Laboratory (PRINUL) habitat, Puerto Rico, 1972.
- Studies of quantification of coral reef and algal surface areas and spatial relationships, 1972-1976.

Conservation of nature:
- Survey and classification of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in the South Pacific region
for South Pacific Commission and IUCN, 1975-1979.
- Detailed analysis of the biodiversity, nature conservation requirements and protected area system in Oceania, 1985-1986.

Environmental impact assessments:
- Study of the initial effects of the Santa Barbara oil spill, 1969.
- Research into urban impact on the coastal zone in tropical developing countries and
studies of appropriate strategies for waste management, 1979-1982.
- Environmental impact assessment of a hydroelectric project in a national park, 1982-1983.
- Analysis and quantification of storm effects on coral reefs using SPOT satellite imagery,
1987-1988.

Island ecology:
- Studies of techniques for rural environmental resource management in tropical islands,
including traditional approaches to environmental management, 1982-1989.
- Analysis and classification of islands according to ecological, geographic and
socio-economic criteria, as related to the effects of limits on complex systems,
preparation and maintenance of a database on islands, 1985-present. http://islands.unep.ch/

Indicators of sustainable development:
- Commission on Sustainable Development programme of work on indicators of sustainable development, 1994-2001.
- SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment) projects on indicators of sustainability, 1994-1997 and 2003-2006.
- Member of the Consultative Group on Sustainable Development Indicators, 1996-2005, including development of the Bellagio Principles and the Dashboard of Sustainability.
- Collaborator in the SOPAC project on the Environmental Vulnerability Index, 1999-2005.
- Expert adviser for the World Economic Forum to Yale University and CIESIN on the redesign of the Environmental Sustainability Index 2005, and the development of the Environmental Performance Index 2005-2006.
- Consultant in the preparation of the Humanitarian Response Index 2007.
- Contributed to the design of a European Union project on The Development of Indicators and Assessment Tools for Civil Society Organization Projects Promoting Values-based Education for Sustainable Development, 2008-2010.

MEETINGS AND FIELD EXPERIENCE:

1965
- Participant in Fifth International Seaweed Symposium, Halifax, Canada.
- Co-authored paper presented at American Association for the Advancement of Science Meeting, Berkeley, California.
1966
- Presented paper on behalf of M. Neushul at Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo, Japan; participated in Symposium on Marine Parks following Congress; visited Japanese algological laboratories.
- Presented paper at First European Symposium on Marine Biology, Helgoland, Germany.
- Gave seminar at Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale Marine, Université de Paris, France.
- Co-authored paper presented at Western Society of Naturalists meeting, California.
1968
- Presented paper at Sixth International Seaweed Symposium, Santiago, Spain.
- Presented paper at Western Society of Naturalists meeting, Oregon.
1969
- Field collections of marine algae in Gulf of California, Mexico.
- Participated in initial field surveys of effects of Santa Barbara oil spill, California.
- Field collections of marine algae in Caribbean (Puerto Rico and Windward Islands).
- Presented demonstration, Eleventh International Botanical Congress, Seattle, Washington.
- Moved from California to Washington, D.C.
1970
- Visited Western and American Samoa to establish coastal monitoring surveys and to conduct ecological research.
- Prepared ecological reports on American Samoa at request of government.
- Made diving surveys of coral reefs and algal collections at Eilat, Israel.
1971
- Participant in diving reef surveys at Acklins Island, Bahamas; Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama; Belize, particularly Glovers Reef; Palau, Yap, Ant and Pakin (near Ponape) in Micronesia; and American Samoa.
- Presented paper at Seventh International Seaweed Symposium, Japan.
- Co-organizer and working group leader at Coral Reef Workshop in Belize organized by Comparative Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems program.
1972
- Research on coral reef algae at Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama and in Belize.
- Accredited observer for the Bahá'í International Community to United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, Sweden; visited laboratories and museums in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
- Reef research, and lecture tour on coral reef ecology, Belize.
- Aquanaut studying reef algal ecology in two-week saturation diving mission of Puerto Rico Inter-National Undersea Laboratory (PRINUL).
1973
- Presented paper at Northeast Algal Discussion Group Meeting, Connecticut.
- Continued research on coral reef algae and reef ecology in Belize.
- Presented paper at Second International Symposium on Coral Reefs, held along the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and visited several reef habitats in Australia and Fiji.
- Continued reef monitoring and environmental surveys in American and Western Samoa, and prepared revised ecological report for Government of American Samoa.
1974
- Participant in Harbor Branch Foundation Coral Reef Workshop, Fort Pierce, Florida.
- Further field research on coral reef algae, reef surface area, and competition for space, Belize.
- Presented invited paper at International Symposium on Indo-Pacific Tropical Reef Biology, Guam and Palau; examined reef sites in Guam, Palau and Hawaii.
- Moved from Washington, D.C. to Noumea, New Caledonia.
- Presented paper at Eighth International Seaweed Symposium, Bangor, Wales.
- Visited international organizations concerned with environment in Kenya, Switzerland, France, United Kingdom, and U.S.A. (New York, Washington, California and Hawaii) on behalf of South Pacific Commission.
- Discussions with governments on environment and conservation activities in American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Niue, Tonga, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and Western Samoa.
- Drafted environmental legislation for Niue.
- Attended Pacific Islands Tourism Conference, Samoa.
- Attended meeting on Resource Utilization in the South Pacific, New Caledonia.
1975
- Visited Solomon Islands at request of Government to prepare report on environmental management and conservation, and draft legislation.
- Attended 1975 Clean Air Conference, New Zealand.
- Keynote speaker at South Pacific Conference on National Parks and Reserves, New Zealand.
- Presented two papers (one invited) at Thirteenth Pacific Science Congress, Vancouver, Canada.
- Presented paper at Symposium on Ecology and Conservation, Papua New Guinea.
- Visited Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Guam, Palau, Yap, Saipan, Truk, Ponape, and Majuro to collect information for regional ecosystems survey as consultant to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
- Constructed environmental exhibits and trained staff for Museum of American Samoa, and continued reef monitoring surveys.
1976
- Visited Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia and New Hebrides to collect information for regional ecosystems survey.
- Organized and directed Second Regional Symposium on Conservation of Nature, Apia, Western Samoa, and presented report on Regional Ecosystems Survey of the South Pacific Area.
- Secretariat and observer at Plenipotentiary Meeting to conclude a Convention on Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific, Apia, Western Samoa.
- Conducted survey of reef and lagoon areas for Government of Cook Islands.
1977
- Organized and directed inter-governmental expert planning meeting for South Pacific environmental management programme, New Caledonia.
- Resource person for Asian Development Institute Workshop on Development Planning with Special Reference to Evaluation, Western Samoa.
- Visited Tonga at Government request to prepare environmental and ecological report on Tongatapu, including draft legislation.
1978
- Directed seven-week Sub-regional Workshop in Environmental Planning and Assessment, Papua New Guinea, with participants from various Pacific countries.
- Attended South Pacific Regional Meeting for United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, Fiji.
- Directed Second Technical Meeting on South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Noumea, New Caledonia.
- Presented paper at International Symposium on Marine Biogeography and Evolution in the Southern Hemisphere, New Zealand and Fiji.
- Organized and directed Expert Meeting on Coral Reef Monitoring, Motupore Island, Papua New Guinea.
- Visited Western Samoa to prepare report on national parks and conservation at request of Government, and planned underwater nature trail.
1979
- Chaired panel session at Second South Pacific Conference on National Parks and Reserves, Sydney, Australia.
- Consultant to UNESCO meeting on development of coral reef research and marine science activities in the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii.
- Continued assistance to Western Samoa in developing national parks and reserves and drafting environmental policy.
- Attended IUCN Commission on Ecology and Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas meetings, Canberra, Australia.
- Presented paper on port pollution at Sixth South Pacific Ports Conference, Rarotonga, Cook Islands.
- Presented papers at Workshop on Natural Systems Management Training, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
- Participant in Joint SPC/NMFS Workshop on Marine Turtles in the Tropical Pacific Islands, Noumea, New Caledonia.
- Directed Territorial Workshop in Environmental Planning and Assessment for rural medical officers in New Caledonia.
1980
- Directed major study for the government of New Caledonia of pollution problems and waste treatment strategies for the Noumea urban area.
- Continued long-term monitoring surveys of coral reefs in American Samoa, and assisted with museum exhibits development.
- Conducted Workshop on Environmental Planning and Assessment for Government of Niue.
- Drafted country report on Vanuatu for South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.
- Presented paper at UNESCO Tourism Workshop, Cook Islands.
- Presented paper at Second International Symposium on Biology and Management of Mangroves and Tropical Shallow Water Communities, Papua New Guinea.
- Invited participant in UNESCO Seminar on Marine and Coastal Processes in the Pacific, Papua New Guinea.
1981
- Organized and directed South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) Technical Meeting, New Caledonia.
- Invited participant in UNESCO Workshop in Research and Training Priorities for Coral Reef Management in Oceania, South Asia and Southeast Asia, Philippines.
- Participant, 4th International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila.
- Invited participant in UNDP-CCOP/SOPAC Inshore and Nearshore Resources Training Workshop, Fiji.
- Visited Tuvalu to prepare country report for South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.
- Participant, UNEP Inter-agency Meeting on Regional Seas, Geneva.
- Participant in IUCN General Assembly, and meetings of Commission on Ecology and Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas, New Zealand.
- Presented invited paper at SEPANRIT meeting, New Caledonia.
1982
- Visited Western Samoa to advise on national park and reserve development.
- Organized and directed ministerial-level Conference on the Human Environment in the South Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, as part of South Pacific Regional Environment Programme.
- Reviewed environmental impact of development projects for Cook Islands Government.
- Presented invited paper at World National Parks Congress, Bali, Indonesia.
- Invited speaker, Seminar on Conservation and Development, and Training Course on Environmental Studies and Conservation, Fiji.
1983
- Adviser on museum development in New Caledonia.
- Prepared environmental impact study of a river diversion project in a national park for government of New Caledonia.
- Session organizer, session chairman and invited speaker at Fifteenth Pacific Science Congress, New Zealand.
- Invited lecturer at IOI/FFA/USP Exclusive Economic Zone Management Course, Fiji.
1984
- Consultations with international organizations in Paris and Geneva on environmental actions in the Pacific.
- Visited Fiji for discussions on rural development.
- Discussions in Western Samoa on park and reserve development.
- Organized scientific symposia associated with 4th Festival of Pacific Arts, New Caledonia (cancelled at last minute due to political unrest).
1985
- Attended IUCN Commission on Ecology meeting, Germany.
- Consultations with Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, Washington, D.C.
- Participated as symposium organizer, chairman and speaker at 5th International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti, and in associated meetings of international scientific committees.
- Presented key issue paper at 3rd South Pacific National Parks and Reserves Conference, Western Samoa, and lectured to associated training course for park personnel.
- Designed and installed underwater nature trail in Palolo Deep Marine Reserve, Western Samoa.
- Directed Training Course on Rural Environmental Management for Government of Vanuatu.
- Moved to France after 11 years residence in New Caledonia.
- Participant in conference on Environment and Development: Opportunities in Africa and the Middle East, the Netherlands.
- Consultant visits to IUCN, Switzerland and IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, U.K.
1986
- Consultant to Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Presented invited paper in Symposium on Ecological Management of Coastal Zones at IV International Congress of Ecology, New York, U.S.A., and participated in meeting of IUCN Commission on Ecology.
- Participant in International Society of Reef Studies Meeting, Germany.
1987
- Participant in Unesco-IUBS Commission on Biology Education workshop, Bangsaen, Thailand.
- Fellow, Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, Hawaii.
- UNEP Symposium organizer and chairman, XVI Pacific Science Congress, Seoul, Korea.
- Lecture tours for European Environment Year in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
- Invited participant in CNES-France Espace remote sensing meeting, Singapore.
1988
- Workshop leader and participant, IUCN General Assembly, San Jose, Costa Rica.
- Symposium organizer and chairman, and presented paper at 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville, Australia.
- Consultant to Government of Vanuatu through IUCN for planning of a National Conservation Strategy.
- Consultant to Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme Activity Centre, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Lecturer to UNESCO/UNEP Workshop on Environment in Eastern Africa, Mauritius.
- Consultant to World Tourism Organization/UNDP project for marine park development in Comoros.
1989
- Consultant to United Nations Environment Programme.
- Moved from France to Nairobi, Kenya.
- Organizer of Workshop on Island Conservation, Monaco.
- Represented UNEP at International Whaling Commission (San Diego), International Maritime Organization (London), Pacific Science Association Intercongress (Santiago, Chile).
- Member Programme Technical Advisory Group, World Conservation Monitoring Centre.
- Participant in Interagency Meeting on Oceans and Coastal Areas, Geneva.
- Directed Experts and Intergovernmental Meetings on Eastern African Action Plan, Nairobi.
1990
- Organized and chaired Marine Mammals Planning and Co-ordinating Committee, Geneva.
- Represented UNEP at Indian Ocean Commission, Committee on Environment (Moroni, Comoros); Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Working Group 2 (Moscow); Intergovernmental Meeting on South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (Noumea); London Dumping Convention (London).
- Lecturer at Environmental Symposium, Landegg, Switzerland.
- Speaker and workshop organizer at Conference on Large Marine Ecosystems, Monaco.
- Chaired Interagency Consultation on Oceans and Coastal Areas Programmes, Paris.
1991
- Participant in UNCED Working Party on Oceans, Geneva and Monaco.
- Organizer of Marine Mammal Planning and Co-ordinating Committee, Amsterdam.
- Represented UNEP at UNCED Preparatory Committee meetings (Nairobi and Geneva) and Intergovernmental and Contracting Parties meetings on South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Noumea.
- Seconded to the Secretariat for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Geneva, to assist in preparing Agenda 21 for adoption at the "Earth Summit" in Rio de Janeiro.
1992
- Consultant to FAO to prepare the Inter-regional Conference of Small Island Countries on Sustainable Development and Environment in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Christ Church, Barbados, and represented UNEP and presented paper at the conference.
- Transferred by UNEP from Nairobi, Kenya, to Geneva, Switzerland, as Deputy Co-ordinator of Earthwatch.
- Represented UNEP at Joint Scientific and Technical Committee of Global Climate Observing System, Geneva.
- Presented paper at 7th International Coral Reef Symposium, Guam.
- Leader of UNDP Appraisal Team for the South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme funded by the Global Environment Facility, Western Samoa.
- Participant in WRI Workshop on Environmental Indicators, Washington.
1993
- Represented UNEP at Preparatory Committee for Global Conference on Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, New York.
- Named to chair Technical and Management Advisory Group for South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme (GEF/UNDP/SPREP), Apia, Samoa.
- Presented paper at European Baha'i Business Forum meeting, Landegg, Switzerland.
- Organized UNEP/UNSTAT Consultative Expert Group on Environment and Sustainable Development Indicators, Geneva.
1994
- Member of scientific advisory committee for Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) project on indicators of sustainable development.
- Organized inter-agency Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva.
- Invited by Institute for Spiritual Foundations of World Civilization to present series of seminars at Academy of Sciences for National Progress, Kiev, Ukraine.
- Chaired South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme Technical and Management Advisory Group, Apia, Western Samoa.
- Presented paper at Symposium on Ecology and Democracy, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Presented paper at GATT symposium on Trade, Environment and Sustainable Development.
- Participant in World Bank Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Washington, DC, USA.
1995
- Member of organizing committee for SCOPE/UNEP International Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Ghent, Belgium.
- Participant in UN Inter-Agency Committee on Sustainable Development.
- Organized inter-agency Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva.
- Part of UNEP delegation to Commission on Sustainable Development.
- Invited speaker at World Summit on Religions and Conservation, Windsor Castle, UK.
- Chaired South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme Technical and Management Advisory Group, Port Vila, Vanuatu.
- Member of Programme Advisory Group for World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge and Gland.
- Invited expert at European Commission meeting on Earth Observations in developing countries, Brussels.
- Discussion group leader at Third Scientific Symposium on Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, Geneva.
- Member of organizing committee, and keynote speaker, for SCOPE Scientific Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Wuppertal, Germany.
- Invited speaker at Colloquy on Ecology, Ethics and Spiritualities, Klingenthal, France.
1996
- Participant in cosponsors meeting on Global Terrestrial Observing System, Rome.
- Organized inter-agency meetings including Earthwatch Working Party, Meeting on Common/compatible systems of access to data, New York.
- Participant in Expert Meeting on Methodologies for Indicators of Sustainable Development, New York.
- Lecturer in Hungary, Turkey and Romania, at high-level Workshop on Sustainable Development and International Cooperation, Bucharest.
- Participant in 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama.
- Chaired Fourth Technical and Management Advisory Group, South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Apia, Western Samoa.
- Organized Workshop on Information for Sustainable Development and Earthwatch, Geneva
- Chaired Technical Meeting on Clearing-house for Global Plan of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, Geneva.
- Major session speaker at Second International Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Ghent, Belgium.
- Invited participant in Conference on Principles of Sustainable Development Performance Measurement, Bellagio, Italy
1997
- Organizer and chair of Sponsors Group for the Global Observing Systems (GCOS, GOOS, GTOS), Geneva.
- Keynote speaker at International Ecological Congress, Almaty, Kazakstan
- Participant in Expert Workshops for Global International Waters Assessment, Geneva.
- Invited speaker at WWF Pre-Earth Summit Forestry Gathering, Athens, Greece.
- Facilitator and speaker at Regional Capacity 21/DPCSD Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Accra, Ghana.
- Participant in Intergovernmental Committee for the Global Ocean Observing System, Paris.
- Organized Ethics Forum on the Environment, Landegg Academy, Switzerland.
- Chaired Fifth Technical and Management Advisory Group, South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Apia, Samoa.
- Participant and rapporteur at Conference on Religion, Science and the Environment: The Black Sea in Crisis, on the Black Sea (Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece).
- Panel member, Symposium on Information for Humanitarian Coordination, Geneva.
- Organized International Baha'i Conference on the Environment, de Poort, the Netherlands.
- Participant in Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Plenary, Toulouse, France.
- Invited speaker at Second Klingenthal Symposium "L'Eau", Klingenthal, France.
- Invited participant in UN Expert Meeting on Island Vulnerability Indicators, New York.
1998
- Participant in Consultative Group on Sustainable Development Indicators, Washington, D.C.
- Facilitator at Fourth International Workshop on Indicators of Sustainable Development, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Member of steering committee and participant in OECD Workshop on Agro-environmental Indicators, York, U.K.
- Member of official working group on the creation, Pax Christi France, for the Social Council of Bishops, Paris, France.
- Organized and chaired fourth Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Invited participant in SCOPE meeting on environmental issues, problems and opportunities of the post-industrial information society, Paris, France
- Member, Steering Committee, Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Paris, France.
- Participant in Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems, and First Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partners Meeting, Paris, France.
- Participant, GESAMP Working Group on Marine Environmental Assessments, Geneva.
- Invited speaker, Third Klingenthal Symposium "La terre - les sols", Klingenthal, France.
- Panel co-chair and speaker at 27th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of the Environment, "Information for Sustainability", Tromso, Norway.
- Represented UNEP at SCOPE General Assembly, New Jersey.
- Invited keynote speaker at International Seminar "Globalization: a challenge for peace; solidarity or exclusion", International Jacques Maritain Institute, Milan, Italy
- Organizer and keynote speaker at second International Conference of the Environment Forum, de Poort, the Netherlands.
- Represented UNEP at Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Plenary and Second Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partners Meeting, Bangalore, India.
- Chaired Sixth Technical and Management Advisory Group, South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Port Vila, Vanuatu.
- Invited featured speaker at Beas Foundation Seminar on "The Eco Principle: Ecology and Economics in Symbiosis", Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, USA.
1999
- Invited participant in FAO/Australian Technical Consultation on Sustainability Indicators in Marine Capture Fisheries, Sydney, Australia.
- Adjunct appointment to the faculty of Landegg Academy, Weinacht, Switzerland.
- Partially chaired Fifth Expert Group Meeting on Indicators of Sustainable Development, New York.
- Named to Commission on Peace, Ecology and Sustainable Development, in the Centre for Research on Peace, Institut Catholique de Paris, France.
- Organized Fifth Meeting of the Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Participant in Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems, and Third Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partners Meeting, Rome, Italy.
- Keynote speaker and panelist at IGOS Partnership Forum, Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS): Into the New Millenium, at UNISPACE III, Vienna, Austria.
- Organizer and keynote speaker at third Conference of the International Environment Forum, Sidcot, England.
- Keynote speaker, AIESEC Planet Club Conference, Hungary.
- Invited speaker, Fourth Klingenthal Symposium "L'Arbre - le foret", Klingenthal, France.
- Chaired Seventh Technical and Management Advisory Group, South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Apia, Samoa.
- Invited speaker at Seminar and Conference on Social and Economic Development in the Americas, Orlando, Florida.
2000
- Organized UNEP Planning Workshop on Environmental Information Systems, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Organized and chaired Sixth Meeting of the Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Invited speaker at International Conference on Human Habitat and Environment, Landegg Academy, Switzerland.
- Participant in Global Environment Outlook (GEO-3) Production Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Participant in Global Ocean Observing System Steering Committee, Paris, France.
- Invited expert, meeting on Impact of Information on Decision-making Processes, Arendal, Norway.
- Participant in International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Coordination and Planning Committee meeting, Noumea, New Caledonia.
- Participant in Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems, and Fifth Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partners Meeting, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Invited keynote speaker at International Colloquium on Sustainable Development and Information for Decision-making, St. Etienne, France.
- Keynote speaker at Second AIESEC Planet Club Conference, Veroce-Kismaros, Hungary.
- Participant in International Coral Reef Action Network Partners Meeting, Penang, Malaysia.
- Co-organizer of International Expert Meeting on Information for Decision-making, Ottawa, Canada.
- Participant in Global UNEP Network Design and Implementation Meeting, Redlands, California.
- Participant in 9th International Coral Reef Symposium and International Coral Reef Initiative Coordination and Planning Committee, Bali, Indonesia.
- Secretariat for Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership meeting, and UNEP representative in Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Plenary, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Chaired Eighth Technical and Management Advisory Group, South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Keynote Speaker, Fourth Conference of International Environment Forum, and Seminar-Conference on Social and Economic Development in the Americas, Orlando, Florida.
2001
- Chaired Scientific Advisory Committee, National Caribbean Coral Reef Research Center, Miami, Florida.
- Keynote speaker and panelist, Environment 2001 Conference, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- UNEP representative and part of secretariat for Commission on Sustainable Development Intersessional Working Group on Information for Decision-making, and ninth session of Commission on Sustainable Development, New York
- Chaired Steering Committee for International Coral Reef Action Network, and represented UNEP in International Coral Reef Initiative Coordination and Planning Committee and ICRI Regional Workshop, Cebu, Philippines.
- Participant in Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems, and Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partners Meeting, Paris.
- Invited participant in Workshop on Environmental Sustainability Index, World Economic Forum, Geneva.
- Invited speaker, Fifth Klingenthal Symposium: l'animal et la faune, Klingenthal, France.
- Participant in SOPAC/UNEP Global Environmental Vulnerability Indicators Meeting, Geneva.
- Participant in International Coral Reef Action Network Regional Seas Meeting, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.
- Organizer and keynote speaker, Fifth Conference of International Environment Forum, Czech Republic.
- Invited lecturer, Royal Commonwealth Society and London School of Economics, London, England.
- Keynote speaker, European Baha'i Business Forum Annual Conference, Netherlands.
- Participant in NCORE Workshop on Priorities for Caribbean Coral Reef Research, and chaired NCORE Scientific Advisory Committee, Miami, Florida.
- Participant in Global Islands Network Working Group, Hamburg, Germany.
- UNEP Representative to Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Plenary and Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, Kyoto, Japan.
- Member of UNEP delegation to Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Affairs of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada.
- Chaired Earthwatch Working Party, Geneva.
- Chaired International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) Steering Committee, participant in International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Coordination and Planning Committee and ICRI Regional Workshop, and organizer IGOS Coral Reef Theme team meeting, Maputo, Mozambique.
- Consultations with government and other partners on coral reef action, Madagascar
2002
- Co-organizer Coral Reef Theme team meeting for Integrated Global Observing Strategy, and speaker, Workshp on Satellite Oceanography and Coral Bleaching, Magnetic Island, Australia.
- Lecturer, Centre of Human Ecology, University of Geneva, and graduate programme, Federal Polytechnic University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
- UNEP delegate to 3rd Preparatory Committee for World Summit on Sustainable Development, New York.
- Commencement Speaker, Landegg International University, Switzerland
- UNEP representative, Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems, and Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, Paris.
- Participant, International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) Steering Committee, UNEP representative to International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Coordination and Planning Committee and ICRI Regional Workshop, and organizer IGOS Coral Reef Theme team meeting, Cancun, Mexico.
- Invited speaker, World Civil Society Forum, Geneva.
- Chaired Scientific Advisory Committee, National Caribbean Coral Reef Research Center, University of Miami, and participated in Workshop on the Future of Decision-support for Coral Reef Management, Miami, Florida.
- Represented International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) and International Environment Forum (IEF) at World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, organized and spoke at Dialogue on Indicators of Sustainability at WSSD Science Forum, at panel on Multiple Dimensions of Globalization at IUCN Environment Centre, at panel on Science at the Local Level at the University of Witwaatersrand, and at ICRI/ICRAN parallel event.
- Speaker at European Bahá'í Business Forum annual conference, the Netherlands, and EBBF national conference in Sofia, Bulgaria, with lectures at various universities in Bulgaria.
2003
- Participant in Expert Think Tank Meeting on Establishing an Intergovernmental Panel on Global Environmental Change, Oslo, Norway.
- Participant in WWF Seminar on Religion and Conservation, Mont Saint-Michel, France.
- Lectures at Ministry of Foreign Affairs and various universities in Madagascar.
- Lectures for ten different universities in Adana, Ankara, Ismir and Istanbul, Turkey.
- Chaired Scientific Advisory Committee, National Caribbean Coral Reef Research Center, University of Miami.
- Participant in Sponsors Group for Global Observing Systems and Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership, Paris, and as co-leader of theme team, presented IGOS Coral Reef Sub-theme Report for final approval.
- Lectures in Brussels, London, Wiesbaden, Budapest, Poitiers, Chambery, Luxemburg
- Invited speaker, International Conference on the Impact of Global Environmental Problems on Continental and Coastal Marine Waters, Geneva.
- Keynote speaker, Festival de l'Avenir au Naturel, l'Albenc, France.
- Panelist, European Bahá'í Business Forum Annual Conference, The Netherlands.
- Participant, Annual meeting and Governing Board meeting, Global Islands Network, Isle of Skye, UK.
- Participant, Integrated Global Observing Strategy Coastal Theme Workshop, Hamilton, New Zealand.
- Invited discussant, Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts and Islands, UNESCO, Paris.
- Speaker, European Bahá'í Business Forum Workshop at World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva.
- Co-organizer and speaker, 7th Annual Conference of the International Environment Forum and Bahá'í Conference on Social and Economic Development in the Americas, Orlando, Florida, USA.
2004
- Invited speaker, Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) International Workshop, and participant, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) Strategic Implementation Team meeting, Tokyo, Japan.
- Participant, Integrated Global Observing Strategy Coastal Theme Workshops, UNESCO, Paris, France, and University of Miami, Florida, USA.
- Invited workshop speaker, First International Conference of the Consumer Citizenship Network, UNESCO, Paris.
- Invited expert for South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) launch of Environmental Vulnerability Index at SIDS preparatory session of UN Commission on Sustainable Development, and observer for International Environment Forum at CSD, New York.
- Prepared background paper and chaired working group at SCOPE/IHDP Workshop on Assessment of Sustainability Indicators, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Advisor to UNEP delegation and presented report on future strategy at Global Observing Systems Sponsors Group and Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partners meetings, FAO, Rome, Italy.
- Invited lecturer at AIESEC National Conference on Ethical Leadership, London, UK.
- Participant in 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan.
- Invited panellist at World Parliament of Religions, Barcelona, Spain.
- Chaired Scientific Advisory Committee, National Caribbean Coral Reef Research Center, University of Miami.
- Panellist, European Bahá'í Business Forum Annual Conference, The Netherlands.
- Invited expert, Environmental Vulnerability Index (EVI) Think Tank II, South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, Suva, Fiji.
- Led consultation on environmental governance, Pacific Institute for Advanced Studies in Development and Governance, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
- Co-organizer and keynote speaker, 8th Annual Conference of the International Environment Forum, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Lectures in Locarno (Switzerland), Bastia (Corsica).
- Invited speaker at AIESEC national conference, Fiesch, Switzerland.
- Participant in Expert Workshop to review the Environmental Sustainability Index, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA, as advisor to World Economic Forum.
2005
-  Represented Global Islands Network, South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, International Environment Forum, and CSD Education Caucus at the Mauritius International Meeting on further implementation of the Programme of Action for Small Island Developing States, chaired side events for International Coral Reef Initiative and Education Caucus, and participated in the presentation of SOPAC Environmental Vulnerability Index.
- Represented International Environment Forum at UN Commission on Sustainable Development, New York
- Presented strategy paper at Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partners meeting, Geneva
- Presented paper at International Sustainability Conference, Basel
- Invited to present University lecture and seminar at University of Bari, Italy
- Participated in World Science Forum, Budapest
2006
- Invited lecturer for AIESEC national and regional conferences in Italy, Czech Republic, United Kingdom and Macedonia
- Represented International Environment Forum at UN Commission on Sustainable Development, New York
- Participated in plenary panel at 3rd International Conference of the Consumer Citizenship Network, Norway
- Speaker at European Baha'i Business Forum Annual Conference, Netherlands
- Invited speaker at International Seminar, Walenstadt, Switzerland
- Organizer and keynote speaker at 10th Annual Conference of International Environment Forum, Balliol College, Oxford, England
- Presented a week of lectures at Master of Advanced Studies in Development, Technology and Society, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Public and university lectures in Chambery, France; Quebec, Canada; Leichtenstein; Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria; Ohrid, Macedonia
2007
- Invited lecturer, EBBF-AIESEC Seminar, Italy
- Public and university lectures in Jyvaskyla, Tampere and Helsinki, Finland; Monaco; Nice and Chambery, France; Brussels, Belgium; Quebec, Canada
- Invited participant in UNESCOcat Expert Workshop on Faith-based Organizations and Education for Sustainable Development, Barcelona, Spain
- Mission with IRD to Noumea, New Caledonia to plan their research component of the Coral Reef Initiative in the South Pacific (CRISP) programme, with lectures at IRD and the University of New Caledonia
- Represented International Environment Forum and Baha'i International Community at 15th Commission on Sustainable Development, New York; panelist in side event on Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change
- Participant and lecturer in European Baha'i Business Forum (EBBF) meeting on the Enterprise of the Future, Acuto, Italy; closing keynote at EBBF annual conference, dePoort, the Netherlands; keynote lecturer at EBBF national conference, Berlin, Germany
- Participant and speaker in inter-faith colloquium on respect for the creation, Ganagobie Monastery, France
- Organized and lectured at UNEP/University of Geneva Course in Environmental Diplomacy, Chateau de Bossey, Switzerland
- Lectured at Baha'i Summer Schools in France and Bulgaria, and Baha'i Winter School in Switzerland
- Organizer and speaker at International Environment Forum 11th Annual Conference on response to climate change, Ottawa, Canada.
- Led two workshops at AIESEC national conference, Fiesch, Switzerland.
- Participant in SCOPE/UNEP Workshop on Policy Briefs, Paris.

- Member, Evolutionary and Systematic Biology Steering Committee, Board of Academic Studies, Smithsonian Institution, 1970-1973.
- Councillor, Senate of Scientists, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1971-1974.
- Planning and organization of international programmes, including the proposed program of Comparative Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems involving 80 scientists, prepared for International Decade of Ocean Exploration Program of U.S. National Science Foundation, 1970-1972.; the Investigations of Marine Shallow-Water Ecosystems program, Smithsonian Institution, 1971-1974; the Special Project on Conservation of Nature, South Pacific Commission, 1974-1976; the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1975-1982; the Regional Seas Programmes of UNEP, 1986, 1988, and 1989-1991; the UN system-wide Earthwatch, 1991-2000; and International Coral Reef Action Network (2000-2002).
- Liaison with international organizations concerned with the environment, such as FAO, IMO, SCOPE, UNEP, UNESCO, WHO, WMO, ESCAP, East-West Center, etc., 1974-present.
- Member of Council, Consortium for International Pacific Education and Communications Experiments by Satellite (PEACESAT), 1976-85.
- Organized and directed the Second Regional Symposium on Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific, 1976; an Expert Meeting on Coral Reef Monitoring, 1978; technical meetings on the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1977, 1978 and 1981; the ministerial level Conference on the Human Environment in the South Pacific, 1982; and UNEP symposia on regional co-operation on protection of the marine environment in the Pacific, 1983 and 1987.
- Supervised development of curriculum materials in environmental education, and directed production of educational films on island environmental management, 1978-1981.
- Organizer of regional and national training courses on environmental planning and management in the Pacific, 1978-1985.
- Regional coordinator and secretary to the Coordinating Group of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, one of the UNEP Regional Seas Programmes, 1980-1982, and consultant to the programme, 1982-1985.
- Deputy Director of UNEP Oceans and Coastal Areas Programme, 1989-1992.
- Deputy Coordinator, then Coordinator of UN System-wide Earthwatch for UNEP, 1992-2000.
- Task Manager for the UN Interagency Committee on Sustainable Development and the Commission on Sustainable Development on Earthwatch and Agenda 21, Chapter 40: Information for Decision-making, 1993-2001.
- Deputy Assistant Executive Director, Division of Environmental Information and Assessment, UNEP, 1996-1998.
- Co-organizer and member of Liaison Group/Secretariat for Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership, 1998-2000.
- Project Director, UNF/UNFIP New UNEP Global Participative Observing and Assessment Strategy project, 2000.
- Director, UNEP Coral Reef Unit, responsible for UNF/UNFIP International Coral Reef Action Network projects, 2000-2002.
- Acting Director, International Coral Reef Action Network, 2002.
- Coordinator, UNEP/University of Geneva Environmental Diplomacy Programme, 2005-present.

- Occasional lectures for graduate courses at University of Geneva and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland (2001-present).
- Member of steering committee, Department of Economic and Social Development, Landegg International University, Switzerland, helped to develop Master of Arts in International and Community Development (2002-2003).
- Taught graduate courses on Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Framework for Development, at Landegg International University, Switzerland (2003).
- Member of Scientific Committee and lecturer for Continuing University Education Certificate in Sustainable Development, University of Geneva (2003-present) (in French).
- Coordinator, member of scientific committee and lecturer in Certificate of Advanced Studies in Environmental Diplomacy, University of Geneva (2005-present).
- Lecturer, Master of Advanced Studies en développement, technologies et sociétés, EPFL, Burkina Faso (2006) (in French).

- Member, FAO working group on world seaweed resources, 1969-1970.
- Consultant to National Geographic Society and other organizations on algae and coral reefs, 1973-1974.
- Editorial board of Coral Reef Newsletter, 1973-1980.
- Co-editor of special issue of Atoll Research Bulletin on Comparative Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE) program, 1974.
- Vice-chairman (1975-1987) and Chairman (1987-1990), Pacific Science Association Scientific Committee on Ecology, Conservation and Environmental Protection.
- Editor, SPC Environment Newsletter, 1975-1982.
- Drafted major planning document for comprehensive environmental management programme in the South Pacific, 1977.
- Member, Commission on Ecology, World Conservation Union (IUCN), 1979-1994.
- Member of Advisory Panel on Nature Conservation in the Line and Phoenix Islands, 1981-1992.
- Member, World Commission on Protected Areas, IUCN, 1981-present.
- Member, IABO Coral Reef Committee, 1982-1985 and 1990-1993.
- Edited volumes of scientific papers on Pacific environment for UNEP, 1983-1984 and 1987-1988.
- Consultant to South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, developing extensive set of training materials and audiovisual supports on rural environmental resource management and development, 1983-1985.
- Prepared report on tropical island ecosystems and conservation strategies for Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, 1985.
- Member, International Organizing Committee, Third International Phycological Congress (Melbourne, 1988), 1985-1988.
- Consultant to IUCN for a survey of protected area system requirements in Oceania, 1985-1986.
- Management and evaluation of Regional Seas Programmes in the South Pacific, Latin America and South-East Asia as a consultant to UNEP, 1986.
- Consultant to IFREMER, the French Oceanographic Institute, on applications of remote sensing in the South Pacific, 1986-88.
- Chairman of Task Force on Island Conservation, IUCN Commission on Ecology, 1986-1990.
- Consultant to UNESCO on marine science education in the Pacific, 1987-1988.
- Prepared world database and directory of islands for IUCN and UNEP, 1987-1991.
- Co-organizer of mini-symposium at 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, 1988.
- Contributed to the preparation of Agenda 21, the action plan for the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) "Earth Summit" as UNEP representative on the Oceans Working party and as member of the UNCED Secretariat, 1990-1992.
- Chairman, Technical and Management Advisory Group of South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme, 1993-2001.
- Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, SCOPE project on indicators of sustainable development, 1994-1997.
- Member, Programme Advisory Group, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 1995-1997.
- Member, Consultative Group on Sustainable Development Indicators, IISD, 1996-2005. (http://www.iisd.org/cgsdi/)
- President, Governing Board, International Environment Forum, 1997-present. (http://www.bcca.org/ief)
- Member, Commission on Ecosystem Management, World Conservation Union (IUCN), 1998-present.
- Global faculty member, Landegg International University, 1998-2004.
- Member of secretariat, Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, 1999-2001. (http://www.igospartners.org)
- Chairman, Steering Committee, International Coral Reef Action Network, 2000-2002. (http://www.icran.org)
- Chairman, Scientific Advisory Committee, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research, 2001-2006. (http://www.ncoremiami.org/)
- Member, Governing Board, European Bahá'í Business Forum, 2001-present. (http://www.ebbf.org)
- Co-leader, Coral Reef Sub-theme team, Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, 2001-2004. (http://coral.unep.ch/igoscr.htm)
- Member, Board of Directors, Global Islands Network, 2002-present. (http://www.globalislands.org)
- Editorial board, Bahá'í Studies Review (England), 2003-present.
- Member, Coastal Theme Team, Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, 2003-2004.
- Prepared future strategy document for Integrated Global Observing Strategy Partnership as consultant to FAO, 2003.
- Consultant to World Economic Forum on Executive Opinion Survey, 2003-2004.
- Contributor and part author of Environmental Sustainability Index 2005, Yale University and Columbia University, as advisor to World Economic Forum, 2004-2005.
- Consultant to United Nations Environment Programme to prepare strategy for emerging themes for Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership, 2005.
- Advisor to Yale University and Columbia University for World Economic Forum on the pilot Environmental Performance Index, 2005-2006.
- Consultant to World Economic Forum to prepare a case study on Taiwan for Global Information Technology Report, 2005-2006.
- Scientific advisor to Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) for the Coral Reef Initiative in the South Pacific (CRISP), 2006-present.
- Scientific Adviser to DIVERSITY project for European Space Agency on use of remote sensing to assess biological diversity in Meso-America, 2006-present.
- Editorial Board of La Pensée Baha'ie, 2007-present.
- Partner in EU project proposal for the Development of Indicators & Assessment Tools for CSO Projects Promoting Values-based Education for Sustainable Development, 2007.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS:

British Phycological Society
European Bahá'í Business Forum (Honorary Member, Governing Board Member)
Global Islands Network (Board of Directors)
International Environment Forum (President, Governing Board Member)
International Phycological Society
International Society for Reef Studies (Founding Member of Council, 1980-1983)
Pacific Science Association
Phycological Society of America

Development, form and environment in the brown alga Zonaria farlowii (Dictyotales). Botanica Marina 14:76-112 (1971). [Integrated analysis of the relationships between cellular organization, morphology and ecology in a marine alga].

Surface area in ecological analysis: quantification of benthic coral reef algae. Marine Biology 23:239-249 (1973). [Quantitative analysis of complex reef surfaces with a discussion of their ecological significance].

A preliminary coral reef ecosystem model. Atoll Research Bulletin 172:7-36 (1973). (edited with B.C. Patton, S.V. Smith and J.C. Zieman, Jr.) [Results of a working group of 80 scientists planning a systems model of a coral reef ecosystem].

Environmental impact on a Samoan coral reef: a resurvey of Mayor's 1917 transect. Pacific Science 31(3):309-319 (1977). (with A. Lamberts) [Quantitative analysis of changes on a coral reef over 60 years].

Regional ecosystems survey of the South Pacific area. South Pacific Commission, Noumea. Technical Paper 179. 99 p. (1980). [Classification and analysis of the distribution of island ecosystems in Oceania].

The state of the environment in the South Pacific. p. 47-71. In Report of the Conference on the Human Environment in the South Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 8-11 March 1982. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. (with I. Baumgart). Reprinted as UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 31. UNEP, 1983. [Summary of the environmental problems in the tropical Pacific Islands].

Traditional environmental management in New Caledonia: a review of existing knowledge. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Topic Review 18. South Pacific Commission, Noumea. 17 p. (1985). [Review of the aspects of traditional island culture concerned with resource management and the environment].

Review of the protected areas system in Oceania (including Oceania island list). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge. 73 + 239 p. (1986). [Summary of the status of conservation of species and ecosystems on the islands of the South Pacific, including a more quantitative system for evaluating conservation importance and human impact].

Unless and until: a Baha'i focus on the environment. Baha'i Publishing Trust, London. 96 p. (1990). [Relates environmental issues to future development of human society].

IUCN/UNEP Island Directory. Regional Seas Directories and Bibliographies, No. 35, UNEP, Nairobi. 573 p. (1991). [Compiles geographic, ecological and socio-economic data on some 2,000 islands, with comparative tables]. Revised electronic version (1998): http://islands.unep.ch/isldir.htm

The ECO Principle: Ecology and Economics in Symbiosis. Zed Books Ltd, London and New Jersey, and George Ronald, Oxford. 174 p. (1996). [Systems analysis of economics from an ecological perspective, with proposals for new economic and social paradigms].

"The Big Picture: Comprehensive Approaches - Introduction." Chapter 2, p. 69-83 in Bedrich Moldan, Suzanne Billharz and Robyn Matravers (eds), Sustainability Indicators: A Report on the Project on Indicators of Sustainable Development. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, SCOPE 58. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. (1997). [overview of use of indicators to measure sustainability].

The Challenge of Sustainable Development and Prosperity. Paris, European Baha'i Business Forum, 2002. [relates sustainable development to economics in a business perspective]. http://www.ebbf.org/publications/english/publications013.html

The competitive edge in environmental responsibility, p. 103-110. In Michael E. Porter, Klaus Schwab, Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Augusto Lopez-Claros, The Global Competitiveness Report 2004-2005. World Economic Forum. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndsmill, UK and New York. (2004). [analyzes business leaders' attitudes to the environment in over 100 countries and demonstrates the positive benefits to business from environmentally-responsible behavour]

The impact of information and communications technologies on the economic competitiveness and social development of Taiwan. p. 107-118 in Soumitre Dutta, Augusto Lopez-Claros and Irene Mia, The Global Information Technology Report 2005-2006: Leveraging ICT for Development. INSEAD and World Economic Forum. Palgrave Macmillan, Houndsmill, UK and New York. (2006) (with Augusto Lopez-Claros). [explains the amazing transformation of the Taiwanese economy and society over 50 years]

Climate Change and its Ethical Challenges, p. 157-172. In The Baha'i World 2005-2006: An International Record. Haifa: Baha'i World Centre, 2007. [explores the ethical implications of climate change] 

Unravelling the puzzling world of islands.  Chapter 2 in G. Baldacchino (ed.), A World of Islands: An Island Studies Reader. Malta & Canada, Agenda Academic and Institute of Island Studies, 2007. (with Christian Depraetere) [provides a geographic overview of islands in all the world's oceans and their significance for human settlement and dispersal]

Sustainability Indicators: A Scientific Assessment. SCOPE Vol. 67. Washington, D.C., Island Press, 2007. (edited with Tomas Hak and Bedrich Moldan), including Chapter 2 "Challenges to sustainability indicators" (with Bedrich Moldan), Chapter 3 "Meeting Conceptial Challenges" (with Sylvia Karlsson et al.) and Chapter 10 "Integrated Assessment and Indicators", plus section introductions. [reviews the state of the art of sustainability indicators and future challenges for their development as guides to policy making]

Full bibliography